Distinct neural circuits underlie assessment of a diversity of natural dangers by American crows
Distinct neural circuits underlie assessment of a diversity of natural dangers by American crows
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DOI：
10.1098/rspb.2013.1046
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发表时间：
2013-08-22
影响因子：
4.7
通讯作者：
Miyaoka, Robert
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Cross, Donna J.;Marzluff, John M.;Miyaoka, Robert
遇到自然危险的群居动物面临着是否冻结、逃离或骚扰威胁的决定。美国乌鸦--乌鸦短冠乌鸦--以明显的危险活动著称。我们使用正电子发射断层扫描来验证这样的假设，即不同的神经元底物是乌鸦对不同危险做出一致行为反应的基础。我们发现，乌鸦在凝视威胁时，会激活与注意力和觉醒(峡视核/蓝斑)和运动反应(大脑皮层)相关的大脑区域。然而，尽管有这种一致的行为和神经反应，但看到之前捕获乌鸦的人、抱着死乌鸦的人和安装在标本标本上的鹰，激活了不同的前脑区域(分别是杏仁核、海马体和尾侧核的一部分)。我们认为，围攻行为的各个方面是由独特的神经回路引导的，这些神经回路对心理处理--学习、记忆形成和多感觉辨别--的差异做出反应，这是适当地将危险行为与特定危险进行细微差别所必需的。
Social animals encountering natural dangers face decisions such as whether to freeze, flee or harass the threat. The American crow, Corvus brachyrhynchos, conspicuously mobs dangers. We used positron emission tomography to test the hypothesis that distinct neuronal substrates underlie the crow's consistent behavioural response to different dangers. We found that crows activated brain regions associated with attention and arousal (nucleus isthmo-opticus/locus coeruleus), and with motor response (arcopallium), as they fixed their gaze on a threat. However, despite this consistent behavioural and neural response, the sight of a person who previously captured the crow, a person holding a dead crow and a taxidermy-mounted hawk activated distinct forebrain regions (amygdala, hippocampus and portion of the caudal nidopallium, respectively). We suggest that aspects of mobbing behaviour are guided by unique neural circuits that respond to differences in mental processing-learning, memory formation and multisensory discrimination-required to appropriately nuance a risky behaviour to specific dangers.