Brominated flame retardants in the environment of Asia-Pacific: an overview of spatial and temporal trends.
Brominated flame retardants in the environment of Asia-Pacific: an overview of spatial and temporal trends.
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DOI：
10.1039/b709928b
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发表时间：
2008-02
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
S. Tanabe;K. Ramu;T. Isobe;Shin Takahashi
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
S. Tanabe;K. Ramu;T. Isobe;Shin Takahashi
本文总结了多溴联苯醚（PBDEs）和六溴环十二烷（HBCDs）在沿海和海洋生物群中的时空变化趋势，并进一步评估了亚太地区人类对这些溴化阻燃剂（BFRs）的暴露。该综述主要基于在我们的实验室进行的研究，并利用日本爱媛大学环境标本库（es-BANK）中存档的样品。研究表明，目标溴化阻燃剂在亚太环境中普遍存在。空间趋势的研究表明，这些污染物的浓度相对较高的样本来自韩国，中国南方和日本。总的来说，亚太区域多溴二苯醚环境污染的程度以及人类接触这些污染物的程度似乎与欧洲相当或略高于欧洲，但低于北美。对日本和中国沿海沃茨海洋哺乳动物体内溴化阻燃剂浓度的时间趋势进行的评估显示，在过去30年中，溴化阻燃剂浓度急剧增加。来自日本的样本中BFR水平的这些变化与商业制剂的生产/使用趋势一致。自20世纪90年代日本市场撤出一些多溴二苯醚产品以来，六溴环十二烷的浓度似乎超过了多溴二苯醚的浓度，反映出六溴环十二烷的使用量超过了多溴二苯醚。中国沿海沃茨中溴化阻燃剂造成的环境污染日益严重，这表明即使在发展中国家，溴化阻燃剂造成的污染也已十分明显。鉴于亚洲的环境水平不断上升，溴化阻燃剂消费量很高，应进一步努力监测这些化学品对环境的污染，以查明来源并减少排放。
In this paper, we summarize spatial and temporal trends of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and hexabromocyclododecanes (HBCDs) in coastal and marine biota, and further assess human exposure to these brominated flame retardants (BFRs) in Asia-Pacific. The review is based mainly on the studies that were conducted in our laboratory and utilized samples archived in the environmental specimen bank (es-BANK) of Ehime University, Japan. The studies suggest that the target BFRs are ubiquitous in the environment of Asia-Pacific. Examination of spatial trends reveals that concentrations of these contaminants are relatively high in samples from Korea, South China and Japan. In general, the magnitude of environmental contamination by PBDEs in Asia-Pacific, as well as human exposure to these contaminants, seem to be comparable to or slightly higher than in Europe, but lower than in North America. Evaluation of temporal trends in concentrations of BFRs in marine mammals from the coastal waters of Japan and China showed drastic increase during the last 30 years. These changes in BFR levels in samples from Japan were in line with trends in production/use of the commercial formulations. Since the withdrawal of some PBDE products from the Japanese market in the 1990s, concentrations of HBCDs appear to exceed those of PBDEs, reflecting increasing usage of HBCDs over PBDEs. The increasing environmental contamination by BFRs in Chinese coastal waters indicates that contamination by BFRs has already become evident, even in developing countries. In view of the rising environmental levels and the high consumption volume of BFRs in Asia, further efforts should be made to monitor environmental contamination by these chemicals in order to identify sources and reduce emissions.