Inequality and the COVID-19 Crisis in the United Kingdom
Inequality and the COVID-19 Crisis in the United Kingdom
复制标题
DOI：
10.1146/annurev-economics-051520-030252
复制
发表时间：
2022-01-01
影响因子：
5.6
通讯作者：
Xu, Xiaowei
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Blundell, Richard;Dias, Monica Costa;Xu, Xiaowei
我们回顾了 COVID-19 大流行对英国教育、劳动力市场、家庭生活水平、心理健康和财富不平等的影响。这场大流行加剧了多个层面的不平等。学校停课尤其扰乱了贫困儿童的学习，导致学习成绩下降。对于那些在大流行前心理健康状况较差的群体（女性和年轻人）来说，心理健康状况恶化。封锁和社交距离尤其降低了年轻人、低收入和受教育程度较低的人的工作能力。然而，就业支持计划与扩大的福利体系相结合，意味着可支配收入不平等有所下降。房价上涨让财富分配中间的人群受益。从长远来看，受教育程度较低和失学的人（尤其是来自贫困家庭的儿童）的工作经验和培训水平较低，可能会加剧人力资本不平等并降低社会流动性。
We review the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on inequalities in education, the labor market, household living standards, mental health, and wealth in the United Kingdom. The pandemic has pushed up inequalities on several dimensions. School closures, in particular, disrupted the learning of poorer children, leading to lower attainment. Mental health worsened for those groups (women and younger adults) who had poorer mental health pre-pandemic. Lockdowns and social distancing particularly reduced the ability of younger, lower-earning, and less educated people to work. However, job-support programs combined with the expanded welfare system meant that, if anything, disposable income inequality fell. Rising house prices have benefited people around the middle of the wealth distribution. In the longer term, lower work experience and training for the less educated and missed schooling-particularly among children from more deprived families- could push up human capital inequalities and reduce social mobility.