Firearm-related lead exposure and pediatric lead levels in Massachusetts: A decade of evidence (2010-2019).
Firearm-related lead exposure and pediatric lead levels in Massachusetts: A decade of evidence (2010-2019).
复制标题
马萨诸塞州与枪支相关的铅暴露和儿科铅水平：十年证据（2010-2019 年）。
DOI：
10.1016/j.envres.2023.115719
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发表时间：
2023
影响因子：
8.3
通讯作者：
Hoover,GabrielleGroth
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hoover,Christian;Dickerson,AishaS;Specht,AaronJ;Hoover,GabrielleGroth
美国拥有的枪支比世界上任何其他国家都多，而且几乎完全使用含铅弹药。铅暴露是一个重大的公共卫生问题，儿童因接触带回家的铅而面临的风险最大。与枪支有关的带回家的铅暴露可能是对儿童血铅水平升高的最大影响之一。在马萨诸塞州的351个城市/城镇中，枪支许可率作为枪支相关铅暴露的代理与血铅水平≥5 μg/dL的儿童患病率之间关系的生态和空间调查，我们使用了10年的数据（2010-2019）。我们研究了这种关系对其他已知的贡献者儿童铅暴露，包括旧住房股票（铅涂料/灰尘），职业，和水中的铅。儿童血铅水平与执照，贫困和某些职业呈正相关，与水和警察或消防员就业铅呈负相关。枪支许可证是儿童血铅单独（β = 0.13; 95%CI，0.10，0.17）和所有回归模型的主要显著预测因素。最终模型预测了超过一半的儿童血铅变化（校正R2= 0.51）。负二项分析发现，枪支较多的城市/城镇儿童血铅水平较高（最高四分位数完全校正患病率（aPR）= 1.18; 95% CI，1.09，1.30），枪支增加儿童血铅显著增加（p< 0.001）。没有显著的空间效应，表明虽然可能有其他因素影响儿童血铅升高，但它们不太可能影响空间关联。我们的论文提供了令人信服的证据，证明铅弹药和儿童血铅水平之间存在潜在和危险的联系，并且是第一个使用多年数据的人。需要进行更多的研究，以证实这种关系在个人一级和预防/缓解。
The US has more firearms than any other country in the world and uses lead ammunition almost exclusively. Lead exposure is a significant public health concern and children are at the greatest risk given their exposure to take-home lead. Firearm-related take-home lead exposure may be one of the greatest influences on elevated pediatric blood lead levels. For this ecological and spatial investigation of the relationship between firearm licensure rates as a proxy for firearm-related lead exposure and prevalence of children with blood lead levels ≥5 μg/dL in 351 cities/towns in Massachusetts, we used 10 years of data (2010–2019). We examined this relationship against other known contributors to pediatric lead exposure including old housing stock (lead paint/dust), occupations, and lead in water. Pediatric blood lead levels were positively correlated with licensure, poverty, and certain occupations and negatively correlated with lead in water and police or firefighter employment. Firearm licensure was a major significant predictor of pediatric blood lead alone (β = 0.13; 95% CI, 0.10, 0.17) and across all regression models. The final model predicted over half the variation in pediatric blood lead (Adjusted R2= 0.51). Negative binomial analysis found cities/towns with more firearms had higher pediatric blood lead levels (highest quartile fully adjusted prevalence ratio ((aPR) = 1.18; 95% CI, 1.09, 1.30) with a significant increase in pediatric blood lead per increase in firearms (p< 0.001). There were no significant spatial effects, suggesting that although there could be other factors impacting elevated pediatric blood lead, they are unlikely to influence spatial associations. Our paper provides compelling evidence of a potential and dangerous link between lead ammunition and child blood lead levels and is the first to do so using multiple years’ worth of data. More research is required to substantiate this relationship on the individual-level and into prevention/mitigation.