Physics of Megathrust Earthquakes: Introduction
Physics of Megathrust Earthquakes: Introduction
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DOI：
10.1007/s00024-019-02308-y
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发表时间：
2019-09
影响因子：
2
通讯作者：
S. Barbot
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
S. Barbot
俯冲带是板块构造的一个关键因素，在这里，海洋板块在地幔中循环，挥发物被排出到大气中，对地球系统的许多方面做出贡献，包括海底扩张、大陆漂移、地貌形成和一些重要的气候强迫因素。由于俯冲板块以低角度剥离大陆地壳的底部，因此有大片区域可供断层活动。因此，俯冲带造成了地球上最大的地震，通常与毁灭性的海啸有关。地震现象之所以令人着迷，是因为它带来的突如其来的破坏和地下隐藏的奥秘。地震的物理学非常复杂，但科学界最近认识到，促成地震发生的物理过程是相互关联的。例如，大地震之间漫长的静止期为几个热机械过程奠定了基础，这些过程在控制复发时间和后续破裂的特征方面发挥着重要作用。本期巨型逆冲地震物理学与应用地球物理专题讨论了俯冲带地震周期的几个重要方面。首先，Okal(2018)在这一期中的评论重新叙述了人们熟悉的地震震级是如何设计的，以及仅基于地震产生的地震波的记录为远程地震分配震级所面临的多重挑战。Lin等人(2019)讨论了一种计算静力的数值方法
Subduction zones represent a key element of plate tectonics, whereby oceanic plates are recycled in the mantle and volatiles are expelled to the atmosphere, contributing to many facets of the Earth system, including seafloor spreading, continental drift, landscape formation, and some important climate forcing factors. Because the subducting plate shaves the bottom of the continental crust at low angle, a large area is available to faulting. Hence, subduction zones create the largest earthquakes on our planet, often associated with devastating tsunamis. The earthquake phenomenon fascinates because of the sudden devastation that it brings and the hidden mysteries of the subsurface. The physics of earthquakes is complicated to the extreme, but a recent realization in the scientific community is the inter-connectedness of the physical processes that contribute to earthquake generation. For example, the long quiescent period between large earthquakes sets the stage for several thermo-mechanical processes that play important roles in controlling the recurrence times and the characteristics of subsequent ruptures. This Physics of Megathrust Earthquakes Topical Issue of Pure and Applied Geophysics presents contributions discussing several important aspects of the seismic cycle at subduction zones.First, the review by Okal (2018) in this issue presents a recount on how the familiar earthquake magnitude scale has been designed, and the multiple challenges associated with assigning a magnitude to remote earthquakes, based solely on records of the seismic waves that they generate. Lin et al.(2019) discuss a numerical method to calculate the static