Assessment of the fire toxicity of building insulation materials
Assessment of the fire toxicity of building insulation materials
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DOI：
10.1016/j.enbuild.2010.10.015
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发表时间：
2011-02-01
影响因子：
6.7
通讯作者：
Hull, T. Richard
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Stec, Anna A.;Hull, T. Richard
新建大楼的成本中有很大一部分是用于消防安全。能源效率推动了用轻质保温材料取代传统建筑材料，轻质保温材料如果易燃，可能会增加火灾负荷。大多数火灾死亡是由于吸入有毒气体造成的。研究了玻璃棉、石棉、膨胀聚苯乙烯泡沫、酚醛泡沫、聚氨酯泡沫和聚异氰脲酸酯泡沫等6种保温材料在不同火灾条件下的火灾毒性。其中两种材料，石棉和玻璃棉未能点燃，所有有毒产品的产量一直很低。使用分数有效剂量（FED）模型和LC50（在特定条件下产生致死大气所需的每单位体积的质量）对显示个别有毒成分贡献的废水的毒性进行比较。对于聚异氰脲酸酯和聚氨酯泡沫，这表明氰化氢的显著贡献导致总体毒性加倍，因为火灾条件从通风良好到通风不足。这些材料的火灾毒性从石棉（毒性最小）、玻璃棉、聚苯乙烯、酚醛、聚氨酯到聚异氰脲酸酯泡沫（毒性最大）依次递增。(C) 2010 Elsevier B.V.版权所有
A significant element in the cost of a new building is devoted to fire safety. Energy efficiency drives the replacement of traditional building materials with lightweight insulation materials, which, if flammable can contribute to the fire load. Most fire deaths arise from inhalation of toxic gases. The fire toxicity of six insulation materials (glass wool, stone wool, expanded polystyrene foam, phenolic foam, polyurethane foam and polyisocyanurate foam) was investigated under a range of fire conditions. Two of the materials, stone wool and glass wool failed to ignite and gave consistently low yields of all of the toxic products. The toxicities of the effluents, showing the contribution of individual toxic components, are compared using the fractional effective dose (FED) model and LC50 (the mass required per unit volume to generate a lethal atmosphere under specified conditions). For polyisocyanurate and polyurethane foam this shows a significant contribution from hydrogen cyanide resulting in doubling of the overall toxicity, as the fire condition changes from well-ventilated to under-ventilated. These materials showed an order of increasing fire toxicity, from stone wool (least toxic), glass wool, polystyrene, phenolic, polyurethane to polyisocyanurate foam (most toxic). (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.