Genetic diversity, phylogeny and conservation of the Javan rhinoceros (Rhinoceros sondaicus)
Genetic diversity, phylogeny and conservation of the Javan rhinoceros (Rhinoceros sondaicus)
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DOI：
10.1007/s10592-006-9139-4
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发表时间：
2006-06-01
影响因子：
2.2
通讯作者：
Melnick, Don J.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Fernando, Prithiviraj;Polet, Gert;Melnick, Don J.
爪哇犀牛的总数不到60只，只分布在两个地方，它可能是地球上最濒危的大型哺乳动物。虽然物种特异性信息对其保护至关重要，但其不稳定的状态、栖息地的不可接近性和行为适应性是其研究的主要障碍。在此，我们报告了印度尼西亚Ujung Kulon和越南Cat Tien两个现存种群的首次遗传分析，并讨论了它们的保护问题。由于其极度濒危的状态阻止了侵入性采样，我们从粪便中提取DNA，扩增和测序mtDNA 12S rRNA基因片段和非编码d环。来自乌戎库伦和猫田的爪哇犀牛之间的差异与已知非洲犀牛亚种之间的差异相似，并且超过了苏门答腊犀牛之间的差异。Ujung Kulon种群和Cat Tien种群代表独立的进化重要单位，主张独立管理。然而，鉴于吉田人口的不稳定性，人口方面的考虑可能在短期内压倒遗传问题。爪哇犀牛的遗传多样性很低，在不久的将来，种群扩张将对其生存至关重要。
With a total population of less than 60 individuals limited to two locations, the Javan rhinoceros is perhaps the most endangered large mammal on earth. Although species specific information is crucial to its conservation, its precarious status, habitat inaccessibility, and behavioral adaptations pose major obstacles to its study. Here we report on the first genetic analysis of the two extant populations, in Ujung Kulon, Indonesia, and Cat Tien, Vietnam, and discuss their conservation. As its critically endangered status precluded invasive sampling, we extracted DNA from dung, amplifying and sequencing segments of the mtDNA 12S rRNA gene and the non-coding D-loop. Divergence between Javan rhinos from Ujung Kulon and Cat Tien was similar to that between recognized subspecies of African rhinos, and exceeded that between Sumatran rhinos. The Ujung Kulon and Cat Tien populations represent separate Evolutionary Significant Units, advocating independent management. However, given the precariousness of the Cat Tien population, demographic considerations may override genetic issues in the short term. Genetic diversity of Javan rhinos was low and population expansion in the immediate future will be critical for its survival.