The mechanism of ice splinter production during riming
The mechanism of ice splinter production during riming
复制标题
沸腾过程中冰碎片的产生机制
DOI：
--
复制
发表时间：
1980
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
S. Mossop
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
S. Mossop
当一个冰粒在−5°C左右的温度下，通过扫过云中的过冷水滴而生长时，水滴冻结时会喷射出二次冰粒。这样，云中冰粒的浓度可能会迅速增加。目前的实验表明，这种“碎片”的形成可以通过向云中注入少量的氨而大大减少。这支持了这样一种理论，即分裂是在冻结液滴的周围形成一个坚固的冰壳的结果。随着液滴冻结，外壳内的压力增加，直到外壳破裂而释放。在极端情况下，冰的碎片可能会被喷射出来。氨的加入被认为会削弱冰的结构，从而使压力通过变形或破裂而释放，而不会喷出碎片。这一解释得到了用NH3或HCl“掺杂”的较大液滴冷冻实验的支持。
When an ice particle grows at about −5°C by sweeping up supercooled water drops in a cloud having a wide range of drop sizes, secondary ice particles are ejected as the drops freeze. In this way the concentration of ice particles in the cloud may increase rapidly. Present experiments show that this "splinter" formation can be considerably reduced by injecting small quantities of ammonia into the cloud. This supports the theory that splintering is a consequence of the formation of a strong ice shell round the periphery of a freezing drop. As the drop freezes the pressure within the shell increases until it is relieved by cracking of the shell. In extreme cases fragments of ice may be ejected. The addition of ammonia is thought to weaken the ice structure, thus allowing pressure to be relieved by deformation or cracking without ejection of splinters. This interpretation is supported by experiments on the freezing of larger drops "doped" with NH3 or HCl.