Inflammatory challenge increases measures of oxidative stress in a free-ranging, long-lived mammal
Inflammatory challenge increases measures of oxidative stress in a free-ranging, long-lived mammal
复制标题
DOI：
10.1242/jeb.090837
复制
发表时间：
2013-12-01
影响因子：
2.8
通讯作者：
Voigt, Christian C.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Schneeberger, Karin;Czirjak, Gabor A.;Voigt, Christian C.
氧化应激——活性氧（ROS）和中和性抗氧化剂之间的不平衡——作为有氧生物衰老的主要原因一直存在争议。在感染期间，作为免疫反应激活的一部分，ROS水平应该会增加，导致蛋白质、脂质和DNA的氧化损伤。然而，长寿的生物体，尤其是哺乳动物，是如何应对氧化应激的还不得而知。众所周知，蝙蝠携带多种人畜共患病病原体，同时，尽管它们的质量特异性基础代谢率很高，但它们的寿命却异常长，这可能部分是由于器官的氧化损伤较低。在这里，我们询问免疫挑战是否会引起自由放养蝙蝠的氧化应激，测量两种氧化应激标志物。对20只短尾果蝠（Carollia perspicillata）进行细菌源性脂多糖（LPS）注射，对20只个体进行磷酸盐缓冲盐水（PBS）注射。注射LPS的个体在24小时后表现出免疫反应，白细胞计数增加，而对照组动物的白细胞计数没有明显变化。生物抗氧化潜能（BAP）在两组中保持不变，但活性氧代谢物（ROMs）在LPS处理后增加，表明动物在对炎症挑战进行免疫反应时氧化应激显著增加。对照组没有显示氧化应激标志物的变化。我们得出结论，在长寿的哺乳动物中，即使高浓度的抗氧化剂也不能立即中和细胞免疫反应中产生的自由基。因此，对抗感染可能会导致蝙蝠的氧化应激。
Oxidative stress - the imbalance between reactive oxygen species (ROS) and neutralising antioxidants - has been under debate as the main cause of ageing in aerobial organisms. The level of ROS should increase during infection as part of the activation of an immune response, leading to oxidative damage to proteins, lipids and DNA. Yet, it is unknown how long-lived organisms, especially mammals, cope with oxidative stress. Bats are known to carry a variety of zoonotic pathogens and at the same time are, despite their high mass-specific basal metabolic rate, unusually long lived, which may be partly the result of low oxidative damage of organs. Here, we asked whether an immune challenge causes oxidative stress in free-ranging bats, measuring two oxidative stress markers. We injected 20 short-tailed fruit bats (Carollia perspicillata) with bacterially derived lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and 20 individuals with phosphate-buffered saline solution (PBS) as a control. Individuals injected with LPS showed an immune reaction by increased white blood cell count after 24 h, whereas there was no significant change in leukocyte count in control animals. The biological antioxidant potential (BAP) remained the same in both groups, but reactive oxygen metabolites (ROMs) increased after treatment with LPS, indicating a significant increase in oxidative stress in animals when mounting an immune reaction toward the inflammatory challenge. Control individuals did not show a change in oxidative stress markers. We conclude that in a long-lived mammal, even high concentrations of antioxidants do not immediately neutralise free radicals produced during a cellular immune response. Thus, fighting an infection may lead to oxidative stress in bats.