Fire History and Fire Regimes Shifts in Patagonian Temperate Forests
Fire History and Fire Regimes Shifts in Patagonian Temperate Forests
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巴塔哥尼亚温带森林的火灾历史和火灾状况变化
DOI：
10.1007/978-3-319-61669-8_9
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发表时间：
2017
影响因子：
0.4
通讯作者：
Juan Paritsis
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
I. Mundo;A. Holz;Mauro E. González;Juan Paritsis
火灾是巴塔哥尼亚经常发生的骚乱。在过去44,000年的沉积记录中，木炭的存在表明，在美洲原住民到来之前，自然火在塑造景观方面发挥了重要作用。14500 - 12500年前。从20世纪90年代末开始，在安第斯山脉两侧的巴塔哥尼亚森林中进行了以重建火灾历史为重点的树木年代学研究。在这里，我们回顾了巴塔哥尼亚温带森林火灾的历史，其主要驱动因素，目前的知识，并讨论了火灾后的反应，以及可能的机制转移到替代稳定状态的烧伤和再烧伤的证据和影响。Dendrochronology是非常有用的发展多世纪的火灾历史南洋杉，Pilgerodendron uviferum，Fitzroya柏和Austrocedrus chilensis和混合Austrocedrus-Nothofagus dombeyi森林在巴塔哥尼亚。在南洋杉，南方雪松和Pilgerodendron森林的情况下，树木年代重建显示了不同的和异质的火灾频率模式有关的人类活动和解决过程中的变化，在过去的几个世纪。火灾历史重建记录罕见的事件在Fitzroya潮湿的热带雨林，约。800-在智利中南部的海岸山脉，1000-阿根廷安第斯山脉的一年历史年表。气候变化对这些巴塔哥尼亚森林的火灾发生有重大影响。火灾事件与厄尔尼诺-南方涛动（ENSO）和南方环形模式（SAM）相关的低湿度存在密切联系，这是促进火灾的主要气候驱动因素。在本章的最后，提出了未来的方向和挑战巴塔哥尼亚森林火灾历史研究。
Fire has been a frequent disturbance in Patagonia. The presence of charcoal in sedimentary records covering the last 44,000 years suggests that natural fires played a significant role in shaping the landscape before the arrival of Native Americans ca. 14,500–12,500 years ago. Dendrochronological studies focused on the reconstruction of fire histories have been conducted in the Patagonian forests on both sides of the Andes Cordillera, beginning in the late 1990s. Here, we review the present knowledge of the history of fires in temperate forests in Patagonia, their main drivers, and discuss the evidence and impacts of burns and reburns on post-fire response, as well as possible mechanisms to shift into alternative stable states. Dendrochronology was extremely useful to develop multi-century fire histories in Araucaria araucana, Pilgerodendron uviferum, Fitzroya cupressoides and Austrocedrus chilensis and mixed Austrocedrus-Nothofagus dombeyi forests in Patagonia. In the case of Araucaria, Austrocedrus and Pilgerodendron forests, dendrochronological reconstructions show diverse and heterogeneous patterns of fire frequency related to changes in human activities and settlement processes over the last centuries. Fire history reconstructions document infrequent events in the Fitzroya wet rainforests, with ca. 800-year old in the Costal Range in South-Central Chile and ca. 1000-year old chronologies in the Argentinean Andes. Climate variability has a significant influence on fire occurrence in these Patagonian forests. Fire events have been strongly associated with low moisture availability linked to El Nino – Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and the Southern Annular Mode (SAM), the major climate drivers promoting fire. Future directions and challenges for fire history studies in Patagonian forests are proposed at the end of this chapter.