Odyssey's End: Lay Conceptions of Nostalgia Reflect Its Original Homeric Meaning
Odyssey's End: Lay Conceptions of Nostalgia Reflect Its Original Homeric Meaning
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DOI：
10.1037/a0025167
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发表时间：
2012-02-01
期刊：
影响因子：
4.2
通讯作者：
Wildschut, Tim
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Hepper, Erica G.;Ritchie, Timothy D.;Wildschut, Tim
怀旧对个体来说具有举足轻重的作用，但缺乏一个经验性的、全面的定义。我们使用原型方法考察了外行人对怀旧的概念。在研究1中，参与者产生了开放式的怀旧特征，这些特征被编码到类别中。在研究2中，参与者对这些类别的中心性进行了评级，这些类别随后被归类为中心类别(例如，记忆、关系、幸福)或外围类别(例如，白日梦、后悔、孤独)。中央特征(与外围特征相比)更容易被回忆和错误识别(研究3)，分类更快(研究4)，被判断为在一个小插曲中反映更多的怀旧(研究5)，更好地描述参与者自己的怀旧(与普通)经历(研究6)，并促进更高水平的实际怀旧及其个人利益，当被用来触发个人记忆时，无论年龄(研究7)。这些发现突出表明，外行人认为怀旧是一种自我相关的、社会混合的情感和认知状态，具有快乐和失落的混合特征。这些发现还有助于理解怀旧的功能，并为未来的研究确定新的方法。
Nostalgia fulfills pivotal functions for individuals, but lacks an empirically derived and comprehensive definition. We examined lay conceptions of nostalgia using a prototype approach. In Study 1, participants generated open-ended features of nostalgia, which were coded into categories. In Study 2, participants rated the centrality of these categories, which were subsequently classified as central (e.g., memories, relationships, happiness) or peripheral (e.g., daydreaming, regret, loneliness). Central (as compared with peripheral) features were more often recalled and falsely recognized (Study 3), were classified more quickly (Study 4), were judged to reflect more nostalgia in a vignette (Study 5), better characterized participants' own nostalgic (vs. ordinary) experiences (Study 6), and prompted higher levels of actual nostalgia and its intrapersonal benefits when used to trigger a personal memory, regardless of age (Study 7). These findings highlight that lay people view nostalgia as a self-relevant and social blended emotional and cognitive state, featuring a mixture of happiness and loss. The findings also aid understanding of nostalgia's functions and identify new methods for future research.