In Search for Factors that Drive Hantavirus Epidemics.
In Search for Factors that Drive Hantavirus Epidemics.
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DOI：
10.3389/fphys.2012.00237
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发表时间：
2012
影响因子：
4
通讯作者：
Essbauer SS
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Heyman P;Thoma BR;Marié JL;Cochez C;Essbauer SS
在欧洲，汉坦病毒（布尼亚病毒科）是一种小型哺乳动物相关的人畜共患病和新出现的病原体，可引起肾综合征出血热（HFRS）。由银鼠携带的主要病原体Puumala病毒是导致轻度HFRS的原因，而Dobrava病毒引起的HFRS病例不太频繁，但更严重。自2000年以来，欧洲平均每年记录了3000多例HFRS病例，与前十年相比几乎翻了一番。除了这种长期向上的趋势外，还会出现显著的振荡。流行年通常每2-4年出现一次，发病率增加，一般在局部热点地区。此外，近年来在新的地区发现了这种病毒。已进行了大量调查，以评估宿主中感染的流行程度，并确定与不同生物和非生物因素的联系。感染的驱动因素与河岸田鼠种群的密度和多样性、宿主中的感染率、环境中的病毒排泄、病毒在其宿主外的存活以及人类行为有关，这些因素影响了通过吸入感染啮齿动物排泄物的主要传播途径。在啮齿动物种群的规模上，感染的流行率随着个体的年龄而增加，但其他参数，如性别和遗传变异性，也会干扰。环境污染可能与新感染的啮齿动物数量有关，这些啮齿动物大量分泌病毒。这些不同参数之间的相互作用增加了情况的复杂性，并解释了为什么没有可靠的工具来预测流行病。在这篇综述中，通过对比利时、法国和德国的流行病学情况的全景，讨论了在中欧驱动汉坦病毒流行的因素。
In Europe, hantaviruses (Bunyaviridae) are small mammal-associated zoonotic and emerging pathogens that can cause hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS). Puumala virus, the main etiological agent carried by the bank vole Myodes glareolus is responsible for a mild form of HFRS while Dobrava virus induces less frequent but more severe cases of HFRS. Since 2000 in Europe, more than 3000 cases of HFRS have been recorded, in average, each year, which is nearly double compared to the previous decade. In addition to this upside long-term trend, significant oscillations occur. Epidemic years appear, usually every 2–4 years, with an increased incidence, generally in localized hot spots. Moreover, the virus has been identified in new areas in the recent years. A great number of surveys have been carried out in order to assess the prevalence of the infection in the reservoir host and to identify links with different biotic and abiotic factors. The factors that drive the infections are related to the density and diversity of bank vole populations, prevalence of infection in the reservoir host, viral excretion in the environment, survival of the virus outside its host, and human behavior, which affect the main transmission virus route through inhalation of infected rodent excreta. At the scale of a rodent population, the prevalence of the infection increases with the age of the individuals but also other parameters, such as sex and genetic variability, interfere. The contamination of the environment may be correlated to the number of newly infected rodents, which heavily excrete the virus. The interactions between these different parameters add to the complexity of the situation and explain the absence of reliable tools to predict epidemics. In this review, the factors that drive the epidemics of hantaviruses in Middle Europe are discussed through a panorama of the epidemiological situation in Belgium, France, and Germany.
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