How much flower-rich habitat is enough for wild pollinators? Answering a key policy question with incomplete knowledge.
How much flower-rich habitat is enough for wild pollinators? Answering a key policy question with incomplete knowledge.
复制标题
DOI：
10.1111/een.12226
复制
发表时间：
2015-09
影响因子：
2.2
通讯作者：
Carvell C
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Dicks LV;Baude M;Roberts SP;Phillips J;Green M;Carvell C
2013年，英格兰出现了一个为野生传粉者开发农业环境包的机会，作为2015年启动的新农村管理计划的一部分。它可以被理解为一个“政策窗口”，一个罕见的和有时间限制的改变政策的机会，由关于传粉媒介下降的叙述和广泛支持的缓解行动支持。农业环境一揽子计划是一系列管理方案，共同提供足够的资源来支持目标物种群。本文记录的信息，可在当时开发这样一个软件包的野生传粉者。需要回答四个问题：（1）应该针对哪些传粉者物种？(2)哪些资源限制了这些物种在农田中的生存？(3)哪些管理选项可提供这些资源？(4)每种选择需要哪一个领域来支持目标物种的种群？专注于野生蜜蜂，我们提供了用于通知包的开发试探性的答案。有强有力的证据表明，花卉资源可以限制野生蜜蜂的数量，几个证据来源确定了一套农业环境选择，为传粉者提供鲜花和其他资源。最后一个问题只能回答花卉资源，具有广泛的不确定性。我们表明，在基本的野生传粉者和农田野生动物包（2%的花卉丰富的栖息地和1公里的开花灌木丛）的一些花卉资源选项的面积，足以提供一组六种常见的传粉者物种足够的花粉喂养其幼虫在最低的估计，使用最小值的估计参数的范围是可用的。我们确定了不确定性的主要来源，并强调保持一揽子灵活性的重要性，因此，它可以被修改为新的证据出现有关如何实现政策目标，支持农田授粉。
In 2013, an opportunity arose in England to develop an agri‐environment package for wild pollinators, as part of the new Countryside Stewardship scheme launched in 2015. It can be understood as a ‘policy window’, a rare and time‐limited opportunity to change policy, supported by a narrative about pollinator decline and widely supported mitigating actions. An agri‐environment package is a bundle of management options that together supply sufficient resources to support a target group of species. This paper documents information that was available at the time to develop such a package for wild pollinators. Four questions needed answering: (1) Which pollinator species should be targeted? (2) Which resources limit these species in farmland? (3) Which management options provide these resources? (4) What area of each option is needed to support populations of the target species? Focussing on wild bees, we provide tentative answers that were used to inform development of the package. There is strong evidence that floral resources can limit wild bee populations, and several sources of evidence identify a set of agri‐environment options that provide flowers and other resources for pollinators. The final question could only be answered for floral resources, with a wide range of uncertainty. We show that the areas of some floral resource options in the basic Wild Pollinator and Farmland Wildlife Package (2% flower‐rich habitat and 1 km flowering hedgerow), are sufficient to supply a set of six common pollinator species with enough pollen to feed their larvae at lowest estimates, using minimum values for estimated parameters where a range was available. We identify key sources of uncertainty, and stress the importance of keeping the Package flexible, so it can be revised as new evidence emerges about how to achieve the policy aim of supporting pollinators on farmland.