Time course of the physiological stress response to an acute stressor and its associations with the primacy and recency effect of the serial position curve
Time course of the physiological stress response to an acute stressor and its associations with the primacy and recency effect of the serial position curve
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0213883
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发表时间：
2019-05-17
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Rohleder, Nicolas
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Becker, Linda;Rohleder, Nicolas
压力是否影响记忆取决于哪条压力通路被激活，以及涉及哪种特定的记忆系统。交感神经系统（SNS）的激活导致儿茶酚胺的释放。下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺（HPA）轴的激活导致糖皮质激素的释放。在该研究中，研究了SNS和/或HPA轴激活是否与人类的长期记忆（LTM）和/或工作记忆（WM）表现相关。33名参与者接受了社会评价冷加压试验。唾液α-淀粉酶（sAA）用作SNS激活的标志物，皮质醇用作HPA轴激活的标志物。记忆力通过每个单词15个单词的单词列表进行评估。首因效应（Primacy Effect）从列表开始正确回忆的单词）被认为是LTM的指标。近因效应（即，从列表末尾正确回忆的单词）被用作WM表现的估计值。在sAA反应，近因效应，因此，WM性能后立即增加的压力。这在sAA无应答者中未发现。在皮质醇反应，首因效应，因此，LTM性能下降后20分钟的压力。在皮质醇无应答者中未发现LTM性能的变化。我们的研究支持以下假设：1）SNS激活通过刺激前额叶皮层与WM过程相关，2）HPA轴激活通过与海马的相互作用与LTM过程相关。
Whether stress affects memory depends on which stress pathway becomes activated and which specific memory system is involved. The activation of the sympathetic nervous system (SNS), leads to a release of catecholamines. The activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, leads to a release of glucocorticoids. In thus study, it was investigated whether SNS and/or HPA axis activation are associated with long-term memory (LTM) and/or working memory (WM) performance in humans. Thirty-three participants underwent the socially evaluated cold-pressor test. Salivary alpha-amylase (sAA) was used as a marker for the activation of the SNS and cortisol as marker for HPA axis activation. Memory was assessed by means of word lists with 15 words each. The primacy effect (i.e., the correctly recalled words from the beginning of the lists) of the serial position curve was considered as indicator for LTM. The recency effect (i.e., the correctly recalled words from the end of the lists) were used as estimator for WM performance. In sAA responders, the recency effect and, therefore, WM performance increased immediately after the stressor. This was not found in sAA non-responders. In cortisol responders, the primacy effect and, thus, LTM performance decreased 20 minutes after the stressor. No change in LTM performance was found in cortisol non-responders. Our study supports the assumptions that 1) SNS activation is associated with WM processes via stimulation of the prefrontal cortex, and 2) HPA axis activation is associated with LTM processes through interactions with the hippocampus.