Microglia and Astrocytes in Alzheimer's Disease: Implications for Therapy.
Microglia and Astrocytes in Alzheimer's Disease: Implications for Therapy.
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DOI：
10.2174/1570159x15666170720095240
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发表时间：
2018
影响因子：
5.3
通讯作者：
Fakhoury M
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Fakhoury M
阿尔茨海默病(AD)是一种以神经元进行性丧失为特征的复杂神经退行性疾病，通常会导致记忆和学习等认知功能的严重损害。本病的主要病理特征包括脑内高度不溶的淀粉样蛋白β多肽的沉积和神经原纤维缠结(NFT)的形成。越来越多的证据也表明，持续的胶质细胞介导的炎症是阿尔茨海默病神经变性过程和认知缺陷的主要贡献者。本文综述了小胶质细胞和星形胶质细胞在阿尔茨海默病中作用的人类和动物研究结果，并讨论了治疗干预的可能途径。胶质细胞介导的炎症是一把‘双刃剑’，在AD中既有有害的功能，也有有益的功能。尽管在阐明AD病理的分子和细胞机制方面付出了巨大的努力，但到目前为止，还没有可以预防或治愈这种疾病的治疗方法。目前的治疗方法只能用于减缓AD的进展，并帮助患者管理他们的一些行为和认知症状。需要更好地了解小胶质细胞和星形胶质细胞在AD病理调控中的作用，因为这可能为新的治疗策略铺平道路。
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a complex neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the progressive loss of neurons, which typically leads to severe impairments in cognitive functions including memory and learning. Key pathological features of this disease include the deposition of highly insoluble amyloid β peptides and the formation of neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) in the brain. Mounting evidence also implicates sustained glial-mediated inflammation as a major contributor of the neurodegenerative processes and cognitive deficits observed in AD. This paper provides an overview of findings from both human and animal studies investigating the role of microglia and astrocytes in AD, and discusses potential avenues for therapeutic intervention. Glial-mediated inflammation is a ‘double-edged sword’, performing both detrimental and beneficial functions in AD. Despite tremendous effort in elucidating the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying AD pathology, to date, there is no treatment that could prevent or cure this disease. Current treatments are only useful in slowing down the progression of AD and helping patients manage some of their behavioral and cognitive symptoms. A better understanding of the role of microglia and astrocytes in the regulation of AD pathology is needed as this could pave the way for new therapeutic strategies.