Democracy and Development in Nepal: Prospects and Challenges
Democracy and Development in Nepal: Prospects and Challenges
复制标题
尼泊尔的民主与发展：前景与挑战
DOI：
10.2307/2760015
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发表时间：
1993
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
N. Khadka
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
N. Khadka
一些第三世界国家已经从军事转向。独裁或一党专政，近年来多元民主。尼泊尔的民主历史参差不齐，是由君主专制制转变为君主立宪制的国家之一。1951年推翻拉纳寡头统治后，尼泊尔实现了民主，恢复了君主制。1959年，尼泊尔举行了第一次议会选举，尼泊尔大会党获得了压倒性的胜利。然而，尼泊尔议会民主的实验在1960年12月结束，当时现任国王的父亲马亨德拉国王（King Mahendra）突然解散了内阁，解散了议会。国王还禁止政党，并对最基本的人权施加限制。在短暂的直接统治之后，国王在1962年引入了一党专政的政府体制，称为“无党村务委员会”。尼泊尔的主要政党尼泊尔大会党（Nepali Congress）和尼泊尔共产党（Nepal Communist party）自1960年王室掌权以来一直在组织抵抗运动。1990年2月，尼泊尔主要反对党在尼泊尔大会党领导下，在联合左翼阵线的支持下，发起了恢复民主的人民运动。最初集中在加德满都谷地和特赖的几个城市发生了一系列示威游行和抗议游行，到1990年4月初，该运动在全国范围内愈演愈烈。比伦德拉国王屈服于民众的要求，废除了村务委员会制度，并于1990年4月8日解除了对政党的禁令，恢复了多党制。管理发展中国家的民主变革并非易事。如果说渴望权力的政客和政党工作人员一直在试图推翻民选政府，那么民选政府的领导人则在寻求更多
A number of Third World countries have moved either from military .dictatorships or one-party authoritarianism to pluralistic democracy in recent years. Nepal, which has a variegated history with respect to democracy, is one of the countries which changed from an absolute to a constitutional monarchy. Nepal achieved democracy and restored the position of the monarchy after the overthrow of the Rana oligarchy in 1951. In 1959, Nepal held its first parliamentary elections which gave the Nepali Congress party a landslide victory. However, Nepal's experiment with parliamentary democracy ended in December 1960 when King Mahendra, the father of the present king, abruptly dismissed the cabinet and dissolved the parliament. The king also banned political parties and imposed restrictions on the most fundamental human rights. After a brief period of direct rule, the king introduced a monolithic one-party authoritarian system of government called "partyless panchayat" in 1962. Nepal's main political parties, the Nepali Congress and the Nepal Communist party, had been organizing a resistance movement since the royal takeover in 1960. In February 1990, Nepal's major opposition political parties led by the Nepali Congress and supported by the United Left Front launched a popular movement for restoring democracy (MRD). Incipient with a series of demonstrations and protest marches initially concentrated in the Kathmandu Valley and a few Terai cities, the movement was intensified throughout the country by early April 1990. Capitulating to popular demand, King Birendra abolished the panchayat system and restored a multiparty system by lifting a ban on political parties on April 8, 1990. Managing democratic change in developing countries has not been easy. If power-hungry politicians and party workers have been trying to unseat elected governments, leaders of elected governments have sought more