THE PARASINUSOIDAL CELLS OF THE LIVER - A HISTORICAL ACCOUNT
THE PARASINUSOIDAL CELLS OF THE LIVER - A HISTORICAL ACCOUNT
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DOI：
10.1007/bf01675207
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发表时间：
1986-06-01
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影响因子：
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通讯作者：
ATERMAN, K
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作者：
ATERMAN, K
大约20年前，为了批判性地回顾肝窦的结构，并根据当时的知识来解释旧的“事实”，无论是真实的还是虚幻的（Aterman，1963），几乎没有给一组血管外细胞留出空间，这些细胞后来被Wake（1980）列出的一系列令人困惑的术语所认识。这种缺乏重点的结果，而不是设计的必要性，为事实知识的'pericytes'（鲁热，1879年;齐默尔曼，1923年;施密特，1960年; Grubb & Jones，1971），“血管周围”（Berkley，1893），'perisinusoidal'（伍德，1963年），“脂肪储存”（Ito & Nemoto，1952）或“网状内皮细胞”（Wassermann，1958）的细胞在当时是稀少的，以至于它们的存在受到一些人的质疑。遗憾的是，Bronfenmajer等人（1966）错误地认为我同样否认了窦周细胞的存在;然而，我实际上包括了Wood（1963）展示这些细胞的漂亮的电子显微照片，并且为了与施密特（1960）和Wood（1963）的观点保持一致，我指出了它们在纤维形成中的可能作用。今天，这些细胞不仅被广泛接受为肝窦的组分，而且它们已经被分离（Knook等人，1982; de Leeuw等人，1984; Savolainen等人，1984; Leo等人，1985年），并已成为许多详细的研究对象，在自己的权利。在最近举行的第三届国际库普弗细胞研讨会（斯特拉斯堡-勒比申贝格，1985年）上讨论了这种细胞类型的复杂形态和功能方面的一些研究结果。由于这些审议（Kirn等人，1986年）充分反映了我们的知识和观点的现状，在此不打算再次讨论这一问题。相反，重点将主要放在我们对这种细胞类型的知识发展的历史背景上，希望这样的历史回顾将成为阿里阿德涅通过语言迷宫的线索，其复杂性阻止了共同术语的出现。Zimmermann（1923，1928）对肝窦细胞使用的松散措辞的评论在今天和他那个时代一样有效。还有一个额外的原因，为什么历史的叙述会显得合理。它是由两个活跃的工作人员在该领域的贡献，有助于推广“脂肪储存”“星状”细胞的声明并列说明。1952年，伊藤和根本写道：“1950年，伊藤，一个在我们身边的人，在Kapillarenwand的甲板上，他的斯图克利的眼睛里有一个没有被发现的泽伦。”'.应该指出的是，作者在研究“星状”细胞的过程中发现了未知的t细胞，后者是吞噬性的“库普弗细胞”。类似的陈述随后也出现在伊藤的其他著作（如伊藤等人，1952年）。他重申（Ito，1973），贮脂细胞（Fettspeicherungszelle）是Ito（1951年）在对正常人肝脏进行光学显微镜观察时发现的，并在1978年通过声明“贮脂细胞是Ito（1950年）首次发现的”来加强这一说法。然而，在1971年，Wake坚持认为“肝脏的'StemzeUen'首先由yon Kupffer*（11876年）报道，并且他在1980年的详细综述中重复了这一陈述，当时他还坚持认为“这些细胞的真实性质在几十年内（在Kupffer的描述之后）仍然是谜，直到它们被Wake重新发现（1971年）。外行人可能会接受这些句子的表面价值，因为最近的论文Tozuka等人。1985年，《显示。但如果我们意识到，正如伊藤和威克自己所坚持的那样，伊藤的“Fettspeicherungszellen”现在是.
Some twenty years ago, in an attempt to review critically the structure of the liver sinusoids and to interpret old'facts', real or illusory, in the light of knowledge then current (Aterman, 1963), little space was given to a group of extravascular cells that have since become known by a confusing array of terms listed by Wake (1980). This lack of emphasis was the result less of design than of necessity, for factual knowledge of the'pericytes'(Rouget, 1879; Zimmermann, 1923; Schmidt, 1960; Grubb & Jones, 1971),'perivascular'(Berkley, 1893),'perisinusoidal'(Wood, 1963),'fat-storing'(Ito & Nemoto, 1952) or'reticuloendothelial'(Wassermann, 1958) cells was at that time scanty, to the extent that their very existence was questioned by some. Regrettably, Bronfenmajer et al.(1966) erroneously maintained that I had likewise denied the existence of the perisinusoidal cells; however, I had in fact included Wood's (1963) beautiful electron micrograph demonstrating these cells and, in keeping with the views of Schmidt (1960) and Wood (1963), I had pointed to a possible role for them in fibrogenesis. Today these cells are not only widely accepted as a component of the liver sinusoids, but they have been isolated (Knook et al., 1982; de Leeuw et al., 1984; Savolainen et al., 1984; Leo et al., 1985) and have become the object of much detailed research in their own right. Some of the results of these studies on the complex morphological and functional aspects of this cell type have been discussed at the recently held Third International Kupffer Cell Symposium (Strasbourg-Le Bischenberg, 1985). Since these deliberations (Kirn et al., 1986) amply reflect the current state of our knowledge and views, no attempt will be made here to cover this ground again. Instead the emphasis will be placed largely on the historical context in which our knowledge of this cell type developed, in the hope that such a historical review will serve as Ariadne's thread through a verbal labyrinth whose complexity has prevented the emergence of a common terminology. Zimmermann's (1923, 1928) comments on the loose verbiage used in referring to the sinusoidal cells of the liver are as valid today as they were in his time. There is an additional reason why a historical account would appear justified. It is illustrated by a juxtaposition of statements made by two active workers in the field whose contributions have helped to popularize the'fat-storing''stellate'cells. In 1952, Ito & Nemoto wrote:'Im Jahre 1950 hat Ito, einer yon uns, w/ihrend der Stuclie cler Sternzellen zuf/illig bis dahin unbekannte Zellen in der Kapillarenwand entdeckt...'. It should be noted that the authors spoke of the discovery of unknown t cells in the course of studies of'the stellate'cells, the latter being the phagocytic'Kupffer cells'. Similar statements subsequently recurred also in Ito's other writings (eg Ito et al., 1952). He reiterated (Ito, 1973) that the fat-storing cell (Fettspeicherungszelle) was discovered by Ito (in 1951) during light microscopical observations of the normal human liver, and reinforced this claim in 1978 by stating that'the fat-storing cell was first discovered by Ito (1950)'. In 1971, however, Wake maintained that'the'StemzeUen'of the liver were first reported by yon Kupffer*(11876)', and he repeated this statement in his detailed review in 1980, when he also maintained that'the true nature of these cells remained enigmatic for over several decades (after Kupffer's description) until they were rediscovered by Wake (1971)'. The uninitiated may well accept these sentences at face value, as the recent paper by Tozuka et al.(1985) shows. But if we realize that, as Ito and Wake themselves maintain, the'Fettspeicherungszellen'of Ito are now …