Cocaine cues retain silent traces of an excitatory history after conversion into conditioned inhibitors: 'the ghost in the addict'.
Cocaine cues retain silent traces of an excitatory history after conversion into conditioned inhibitors: 'the ghost in the addict'.
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DOI：
10.1097/fbp.0000000000000220
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发表时间：
2016-04
影响因子：
1.6
通讯作者：
Kearns DN
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Weiss SJ;Kearns DN
本实验研究了A+/AB−条件抑制程序在多大程度上可以抵消兴奋性药物相关的条件反射史。在两组大鼠中，建立了光刺激作为可卡因不存在的信号。对于历史组来说，光以前是一种辨别性刺激（SD），它抑制了可卡因的自我给药，因此可以被归类为可卡因兴奋剂。相比之下，无历史组在条件抑制训练期间首次遇到光线。在条件抑制训练期间，两组在音调和点击SD中自我施用可卡因，而在点击加光中消除药物寻求，其中可卡因不可用（A+/AB-）。在这两个群体中，寻求毒品的行为基本上都被消除了。然而，在一个总结测试中，光减少了无历史组中95%的由音调SD引起的可卡因寻求，但在历史组中不到50%。这个总和测试结果表明，即使在训练基线上通过强大的A+/AB−程序将光转化为有效的条件抑制剂后，药物相关病史的影响仍然存在。未来的研究应该寻求产生更强的条件抑制的程序，以消除这种残留的“沉默”药物兴奋，“吸毒者的幽灵”。
The present experiment investigated the extent to which the A+/AB− conditioned inhibition procedure could counteract an excitatory drug-related conditioning history. In two groups of rats, a light stimulus was established as a signal for the absence of cocaine. For the History Group, the light had previously been a discriminative stimulus (SD) that occasioned cocaine self-administration and could thus be classified as a cocaine excitor. In comparison, the No-History Group first encountered the light during conditioned inhibition training. During conditioned inhibition training, both groups self-administered cocaine during tone as well as in click SDs, while drug seeking was eliminated in click-plus-light wherein cocaine was not available (A+/AB−). Drug seeking was essentially eliminated in both groups. Nevertheless, on a summation test the light reduced cocaine seeking occasioned by the tone SD by 95% in the No-History Group, but by less than 50% in the History Group. This summation test result showed that the effects of a drug-related history persisted even after the light was converted into an effective conditioned inhibitor on the training baseline through the powerful A+/AB− procedure. Future research should seek procedures that produce even stronger conditioned inhibition that eliminates such residual “silent” drug excitation, the “ghost in the addict”.