Did farming arise from a misapplication of social intelligence?
Did farming arise from a misapplication of social intelligence?
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农业是否源于社会智慧的误用？
DOI：
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发表时间：
2007
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
S. Mithen
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
S. Mithen
农业的起源是人类历史的决定性事件，这是一个转折点，导致现代人类拥有与所有其他动物和过去类型的人类完全不同的生活方式和认知方式。在农业提供的经济基础上，人类个体和社会发展了各种物质文化，极大地增强了记忆和计算能力，使人类的智力远远超出了大脑本身所能提供的能力。考古学家长期以来一直在争论和讨论为什么人们开始生活在定居社区，并依赖于种植的植物和动物，这些植物和动物很快演变成驯化的形式。最有趣的解释之一是20多年前提出的，不是考古学家，而是一位心理学家：尼古拉斯·汉弗莱（Nicholas Humphrey）认为农业起源于“社会智能的误用”。我探索这个想法与最近的发现和考古解释在近东，认为社会智力确实发挥了关键作用，在农业的起源，因此出现了现代世界。
The origins of farming is the defining event of human history—the one turning point that has resulted in modern humans having a quite different type of lifestyle and cognition to all other animals and past types of humans. With the economic basis provided by farming, human individuals and societies have developed types of material culture that greatly augment powers of memory and computation, extending the human mental capacity far beyond that which the brain alone can provide. Archaeologists have long debated and discussed why people began living in settled communities and became dependent on cultivated plants and animals, which soon evolved into domesticated forms. One of the most intriguing explanations was proposed more than 20 years ago not by an archaeologist but by a psychologist: Nicholas Humphrey suggested that farming arose from the ‘misapplication of social intelligence’. I explore this idea in relation to recent discoveries and archaeological interpretations in the Near East, arguing that social intelligence has indeed played a key role in the origin of farming and hence the emergence of the modern world.