PROBLEMS IN BREEDING AND CYTOLOGY OF SUGAR CANE .2. SUGAR CANE BREEDING FROM A CYTOLOGICAL VIEW-POINT
PROBLEMS IN BREEDING AND CYTOLOGY OF SUGAR CANE .2. SUGAR CANE BREEDING FROM A CYTOLOGICAL VIEW-POINT
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DOI：
10.1007/bf00037206
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发表时间：
1961-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
1.9
通讯作者：
BREMER, G
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
BREMER, G
本文对爪哇近50年来的甘蔗育种工作进行了综述。19世纪80年代，当甘蔗受到丝雷病的严重影响时，“中爪哇”甘蔗试验站的第一任站长索尔特韦德尔试图通过物种杂交获得抗丝裂叶枯病的甘蔗品种，直到他早年去世。1893年，瓦克将高贵的甘蔗甘蔗与被他视为野生物种的卡索尔杂交，获得了第一批物种杂交。后来，根据Jeswiet(1916年)的形态研究和Bremer(1921年)的细胞学研究，似乎可以认为Kassoer是人类之间的自发杂交。办公室和办公室。自发性，野性的大杂烩。1895年，科布在爪哇进口了印度甘蔗Chunnee。春尼人，不属于。1897年首次与贵重甘蔗杂交。从这个杂交组合中获得了许多似乎对该病具有抗性但对花叶病高度敏感的无性系。然而，高贵甘蔗和卡索尔之间的持续杂交非常成功。获得了许多无性系，作为商品品种，表现出高度的抗色病和花叶病能力，而且产糖量比感病品种高得多。介绍了以下术语：一、二、三次野生化。自发性。卡索尔甘蔗本身是第一次糖化的产物，是高贵甘蔗和野生甘蔗的直接杂交。卡索尔与高贵甘蔗的回交被称为二次杂交。当第二批甘蔗品种与贵重甘蔗再次杂交时，第三批甘蔗品种将成为第二批甘蔗品种。据说会发生自发性事件。甘蔗品种2878属于第三代，在所研究的所有无性系中，甘蔗有2n=80条染色体。威尼斯·S。自发核型的染色体数目从2n=48到2n=128不等。爪哇格拉加有2n=112条染色体。第一个格拉加的克隆。Offinarum(n=40)X.Sautaneum(n=56)没有2n=40+56染色体，而是2n=40+40+56=136染色体。威尼斯·S。药用植物的基本染色体数x=10左右。自发的意见不一。设x=6、8、10为基数。自发性。
In this article a survey is given on sugar cane breeding, as it was performed in Java during a period of about fifty years. When in the eighties of the nineteenth century sugar cane was heavily affected by the sereh disease it wasSoltwedel, the first director of the Sugar Experiment Station “Midden Java”, who tried to obtain sereh resistant cane varieties by species hybridization, until his early death intervened. The first species hybrids were obtained in 1893 byWakker, who crossed noble sugar cane,Saccharum officinarum, with Kassoer, considered by him as a wild species. In later years it appeared from morphological investigations byJeswiet(1916) and from cytological investigations byBremer(1921) that Kassoer is to be considered as a spontaneous hybrid betweenS. officinarumandS. spontaneum, the wild glagah. In 1895Kobusimported the Indian sugar cane Chunnee in Java. Chunnee, not belonging toS. officinarum, was crossed with noble sugar cane (for the first time) in 1897. From this cross many clones were obtained which appeared to be resistant against the sereh disease but were highly susceptible to mosaic. The continued crossing between noble sugar cane and Kassoer, however, was very successful. Many clones were obtained, which as commercial varieties, showed a high degree of resistance against sereh disease and mosaic and moreover gave a much higher sugar production than the susceptible varieties of noble sugar cane.The following terms are introduced: first, second and third nobilisation of the wildS. spontaneum. Kassoer cane itself is a product of the first nobilisation, the direct cross between noble sugar cane and wild cane. The back cross between Kassoer and noble sugar cane is called the second nobilisation. When cane varieties belonging to the second nobilisation are crossed again with noble sugar cane, the third nobilisation ofS. spontaneumis said to take place. The well-known sugar cane variety 2878 P.O.J. belongs to the third nobilisation.In all clones investigatedSaccharum officinarumhas 2n=80 chromosomes. WithinS. spontaneumtypes occur which in chromosome number vary from 2n=48 to 2n=128. The Java glagah has 2n=112 chromosomes.Clones of the first glagah nobilisationS. officinarum(n=40) xS. spontaneum(n=56) did not have 2n=40+56 chromosomes, but 2n=40+40+56=136 chromosomes.In relation to the taxonomy ofSaccharummany other cytological details are given. WithinS. officinarumthe basic chromosome number x=10. AboutS. spontaneumopinions are divided. The author supposes that x=6,8 and 10 are basic numbers ofS. spontaneum.