HOMOLOGY AND EVOLUTIONARY ORIGINS OF THE NEOCORTEX
HOMOLOGY AND EVOLUTIONARY ORIGINS OF THE NEOCORTEX
复制标题
DOI：
10.1159/000114393
复制
发表时间：
1991-10-01
影响因子：
1.7
通讯作者：
KARTEN, HJ
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
KARTEN, HJ
哺乳动物的端脑的特征在于其外表面上存在六醛胺结构，具有特定的听觉、视觉、躯体感觉和运动区域。由于它在哺乳动物中似乎是独一无二的，它经常被称为新皮层。由于在非哺乳动物的脊椎动物中似乎不存在类似新皮质的原基，因此，所谓的新皮质的进化起源长期以来一直困扰着比较神经解剖学家。解决这个难题需要对成年人和胚胎大脑进行分析。应用于成年鸟类和爬行动物大脑的实验神经解剖学、生理学和行为学方法最终澄清了关于“新皮层”起源的几个基本问题，并表明这些起源可以被视为两个独立事件的结果：（1）对非哺乳动物和哺乳动物的端脑共同的神经元群及其相关连接的阐述。在哺乳动物中，这些群体被发现在所谓的新皮层中。在鸟类和爬行动物中，大多数神经元位于背侧和背外侧心室嵴（DVR和DLVR）内。(2)在哺乳动物中，DVR和DLVR的组成部分被纳入薄的上覆的软腭，形成一个分层的“新皮质”。在国内小鸡的发展分析表明，DVR是几个前脑神经节（“前体”），有助于在鸟类的个体发育的可比结构之一。也许在哺乳动物中，皮质的发育也是由于这几个前体并入到增殖的套膜室管膜中。
The telencephalon of mammals is characterized by the presence of a hexalaminated structure on its external surface, with specific auditory, visual, somatosensory and motor regions. Due to its seeming unique presence in mammals, it is frequently designated as the neocortex. The evolutionary origins of the so-called neocortex have long puzzled comparative neuroanatomists, in view of the seeming absence of a neocortical-like anlage in nonmammalian amniotes. The resolution of this puzzle requires analysis of both adult and embryonic brains.Experimental neuroanatomical, physiological and behavioral methods applied to adult avian and reptilian brains have finally clarified several fundamental questions regarding the origins of 'neocortex' and have indicated that these origins can be viewed as consequent to two separate events: (1) The elaboration of constituent neuronal populations and their associated connections that are common to the telencephalae of both nonmammalian and mammalian amniotes. In mammals these populations are found within the so-called neocortex. In birds and reptiles, most of these neurons are found within the dorsal and dorsolateral ventricular ridges (DVR and DLVR). (2) In mammals, the components of the DVR and DLVR are incorporated into the thin overlying pallium to form a laminated 'neocortex'.Analysis of development in domestic chicks suggests that the DVR is one of several prosencephalic neuromeres ('Prosomeres') that contribute to the ontogeny of comparable structures in birds. Perhaps in mammals, as well, cortical development is consequent to incorporation of these several prosomeres into proliferative ependyma of the pallial