Watershed-scale hydrologic and nonpoint-source pollution models: Review of mathematical bases
Watershed-scale hydrologic and nonpoint-source pollution models: Review of mathematical bases
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DOI：
10.13031/2013.15644
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发表时间：
2003-11-01
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Bera, M
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Borah, DK;Bera, M
Three watershed-scale hydrologic and nonpoint-source pollution models, all having the three major components (hydrology, sediment, and chemical), were selected based on a review of eleven models (AGNPS, AnnAGNPS, ANSWERS, ANSWERS-Continuous, CASC2D, DWSM, HSPF, KINEROS, MIKE SHE, PRMS, and SWAT) presented in a companion article. Those selected were SWAT a promising model for long-term continuous simulations in predominantly agricultural watersheds; HSPF, a promising model for long-term continuous simulations in mixed agricultural and urban watersheds; and DWSM, a promising storm event (rainfall) simulation model for agricultural and suburban watersheds. In this article, applications of these three models, as reported and found in the literature, are reviewed and discussed. Seventeen SWAT twelve HSPF and eighteen DWSM applications are compiled. SWAT and HSPF require a significant amount of data and empirical parameters for development and calibration. DWSM has efficient physically (process) based simulation routines and therefore has a small number of calibration parameters. SWAT and HSPF were found suitable for predicting yearly flow volumes, sediment, and nutrient loads. Monthly predictions were generally good, except for months having extreme storm events and hydrologic conditions. Daily simulations of extreme flow events were poor DWSM reasonably predicted distributed flow hydrographs, and concentration or discharge graphs of sediment, nutrient, and pesticides at small time intervals resulting from rainfall events. Combined use of these complementary models and perhaps other models having different strengths is warranted to adequately; address water quantity and quality problems and their solutions.A clear understanding of a model is important for its appropriate use. In this article, eleven watershed scale hydrologic and nonpoint-source pollution models are reviewed: AGNPS, AnnAGNPS, ANSWERS, ANSWERS-Continuous, CASC2D, DWSM, HSPF KINEROS, MIKE SHE, PRMS, and SWAT AnnAGNPS, ANSWERS- Continuous, HSPF, and SWAT are continuous simulation models useful for analyzing long-term effects of hydrological changes and watershed management practices, especially agricultural practices. AGNPS, ANSWERS, DWSM, and KINEROS are single rainfall event models useful for anal wing severe actual or design single-event storms and evaluating watershed management practices, especially structural practices. CASC2D, MIKE SHE, and PRMS have both long-term and single-event simulation capabilities. Mathematical bases, the most important and critical elements of these mathematical models, were identified and compiled. In this article, a comprehensive summary of the compilation is presented in tabular form. The flow-governing equations and their solution methods used in each of the eleven models are discussed. The compilation of the mathematical bases of these models would be useful to determine the problems, situations, or conditions for which the models are most suitable, the accuracies and uncertainties expected, their full potential uses and limitations, and directions for their enhancements or new developments. AGNPS, AnnAGNPS, DWSM, HSPF MIKE SHE, and SWAT were found to have all the three major components (hydrology, sediment, and chemical) applicable to watershed-scale catchments. SWAT is a promising model for continuous simulations in predominantly agricultural watersheds, and HSPF is promising for mixed agricultural and urban watersheds. Among the single-event models, DWSM provides a balance between the simple but approximate and the computationally intensive models and, therefore, is a promising storm event model for agricultural watersheds.
