Spatial Variation in the Healthy Human Lung Microbiome and the Adapted Island Model of Lung Biogeography
Spatial Variation in the Healthy Human Lung Microbiome and the Adapted Island Model of Lung Biogeography
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DOI：
10.1513/annalsats.201501-029oc
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发表时间：
2015-06-01
影响因子：
8.3
通讯作者：
Curtis, Jeffrey L.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Dickson, Robert P.;Erb-Downward, John R.;Curtis, Jeffrey L.
基本原理：肺部微生物组在晚期气道疾病中具有空间异质性，但其在健康状况中是否存在空间差异尚不清楚。我们假设，在健康的肺微生物组构成的主要决定因素是移民和消除社区从上呼吸道（URT;“适应岛模型肺微生物学”）的平衡，而不是在区域细菌生长conditions. Objectives的差异：为了确定肺微生物组是否是空间变化的健康adultes.Methods：支气管镜检查进行了15名健康受试者。依次在舌叶和右中叶（通过支气管肺泡灌洗[BAL]），然后在右上叶、左上叶和声门上间隙（通过受保护的标本刷）采集标本。使用MiSeq（Illumina，San Diego，CA）对细菌16 S核糖体RNA编码基因进行测序。测量和主要结果：通过BAL和保护标本刷收集的标本之间没有显著差异。当彼此比较时，空间上分离的肺内部位不包含一致的不同微生物群。平均而言，受试者内变异显著小于受试者间变异（P = 0.00003）。通过多个生态参数（群落丰富度、群落组成、受试者间变异性和与源群落的相似性），右肺上叶微生物群比来自更远站点的微生物群更接近URT的微生物群。结论：在健康肺中，个体内微生物群的空间变异显著小于个体间的变异。健康状态下的肺部微生物组更多地受到微生物迁移和消除（适应性岛屿模型）的影响，而不是局部生长条件对细菌繁殖率的影响，后者在晚期肺部疾病中更具决定性。单个肺段的BAL是对健康肺微生物组进行采样的可接受方法。
Rationale: The lung microbiome is spatially heterogeneous in advanced airway diseases, but whether it varies spatially in health is unknown. We postulated that the primary determinant of lung microbiome constitution in health is the balance of immigration and elimination of communities from the upper respiratory tract (URT; "adapted island model of lung biogeography"), rather than differences in regional bacterial growth conditions.Objectives: To determine if the lung microbiome is spatially varied in healthy adults.Methods: Bronchoscopy was performed on 15 healthy subjects. Specimens were sequentially collected in the lingula and right middle lobe (by bronchoalveolar lavage [BAL] ), then in the right upper lobe, left upper lobe, and supraglottic space (by protected-specimen brush). Bacterial 16S ribosmal RNA-encoding genes were sequenced using MiSeq (Illumina, San Diego, CA).Measurements and Main Results: There were no significant differences between specimens collected by BAL and protectedspecimen brush. Spatially separated intrapulmonary sites, when compared with each other, did not contain consistently distinct microbiota. On average, intrasubject variation was significantly less than intersubject variation (P = 0.00003). By multiple ecologic parameters (community richness, community composition, intersubject variability, and similarity to source community), right upper lobe microbiota more closely resembled those of the URT than did microbiota from more distal sites. As predicted by the adapted island model, community richness decreased with increasing distance from the source community of the URT (P < 0.05).Conclusions: In healthy lungs, spatial variation in microbiota within an individual is significantly less than variation across individuals. The lung microbiome in health is more influenced by microbial immigration and elimination (the adapted island model) than by the effects of local growth conditions on bacterial reproduction rates, which are more determinant in advanced lung diseases. BAL of a single lung segment is an acceptable method of sampling the healthy lung microbiome.