Elusive roles for reactive astrocytes in neurodegenerative diseases.
Elusive roles for reactive astrocytes in neurodegenerative diseases.
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DOI：
10.3389/fncel.2015.00278
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发表时间：
2015
影响因子：
5.3
通讯作者：
Escartin C
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ben Haim L;Carrillo-de Sauvage MA;Ceyzériat K;Escartin C
星形胶质细胞在大脑中起着至关重要的作用，并参与神经炎症反应。它们对大脑中几乎所有的病理情况都有反应，如轴突切断、缺血、感染和神经退行性疾病（ND）。星形胶质细胞反应性最初的特征是形态学变化（肥大，重塑过程）和过度表达的中间丝胶质细胞酸性蛋白（GFAP）。然而，目前尚不清楚星形胶质细胞的反应状态如何改变其正常支持功能。在ND中，神经元功能障碍和星形胶质细胞反应性发生数年或数十年，这个问题甚至更加复杂和高度争论，最近发表了一些相互矛盾的报告。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了反应性星形胶质细胞对ND的贡献的研究。我们描述了ND期间导致星形胶质细胞反应性的分子触发因素，研究了在疾病过程中星形胶质细胞的一些关键功能如何增强或改变，并讨论了星形胶质细胞反应性如何影响ND的进展。最后，我们将考虑这一重要领域的预期发展。通过这篇综述，我们的目的是表明，反应性星形胶质细胞的详细研究可能会为ND开辟新的前景。
Astrocytes play crucial roles in the brain and are involved in the neuroinflammatory response. They become reactive in response to virtually all pathological situations in the brain such as axotomy, ischemia, infection, and neurodegenerative diseases (ND). Astrocyte reactivity was originally characterized by morphological changes (hypertrophy, remodeling of processes) and the overexpression of the intermediate filament glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP). However, it is unclear how the normal supportive functions of astrocytes are altered by their reactive state. In ND, in which neuronal dysfunction and astrocyte reactivity take place over several years or decades, the issue is even more complex and highly debated, with several conflicting reports published recently. In this review, we discuss studies addressing the contribution of reactive astrocytes to ND. We describe the molecular triggers leading to astrocyte reactivity during ND, examine how some key astrocyte functions may be enhanced or altered during the disease process, and discuss how astrocyte reactivity may globally affect ND progression. Finally we will consider the anticipated developments in this important field. With this review, we aim to show that the detailed study of reactive astrocytes may open new perspectives for ND.