Lipolytic enzymes involved in the virulence of human pathogenic fungi.
Lipolytic enzymes involved in the virulence of human pathogenic fungi.
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DOI：
10.5941/myco.2013.41.2.67
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发表时间：
2013-06
期刊：
影响因子：
1.9
通讯作者：
Jung WH
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Park M;Do E;Jung WH
病原微生物分泌各种具有脂解活性的酶以促进其在宿主内的存活。脂解酶包括细胞外脂肪酶和磷脂酶，并且几条证据表明这些酶有助于致病真菌的毒力。白色念珠菌和新型隐球菌是最常见的人类真菌病原体，几种生化和分子方法已确定其胞外脂肪分解酶。脂肪酶和磷脂酶在C.白色念珠菌已被广泛研究，这些酶已被证明有助于C。白色念珠菌形态转变、定植、细胞毒性和对宿主的渗透。虽然对C.在新变型中，磷脂酶在真菌细胞在宿主中的传播和信号传导途径中的作用已经被描述。脂解酶也可能影响宿主内亲脂性皮肤致病性酵母马拉色菌的存活，并且异常高数量的脂肪酶编码基因可能补充这种真菌的脂质依赖性。本文简要介绍了目前对人类主要真菌病原体，即C。白色念珠菌、C. neoformans和马拉色菌属（Malassezia spp.）
Pathogenic microbes secrete various enzymes with lipolytic activities to facilitate their survival within the host. Lipolytic enzymes include extracellular lipases and phospholipases, and several lines of evidence have suggested that these enzymes contribute to the virulence of pathogenic fungi. Candida albicans and Cryptococcus neoformans are the most commonly isolated human fungal pathogens, and several biochemical and molecular approaches have identified their extracellular lipolytic enzymes. The role of lipases and phospholipases in the virulence of C. albicans has been extensively studied, and these enzymes have been shown to contribute to C. albicans morphological transition, colonization, cytotoxicity, and penetration to the host. While not much is known about the lipases in C. neoformans, the roles of phospholipases in the dissemination of fungal cells in the host and in signaling pathways have been described. Lipolytic enzymes may also influence the survival of the lipophilic cutaneous pathogenic yeast Malassezia species within the host, and an unusually high number of lipase-coding genes may complement the lipid dependency of this fungus. This review briefly describes the current understanding of the lipolytic enzymes in major human fungal pathogens, namely C. albicans, C. neoformans, and Malassezia spp.