The Applying of the Concept of Individualization in Sport
The Applying of the Concept of Individualization in Sport
复制标题
个体化理念在体育运动中的运用
DOI：
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发表时间：
2015
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
I. Anna
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Kozina Zhanneta;Sobko Irina;B. Tatyana;R. Olena;Lachno Olena;I. Anna
运动中的个人方法涵盖了大范围的问题。这些问题从运动项目的选择开始，到运动员训练的个人计划的定义[2，4，10，11，12，14]。关于这个问题的研究数量不断增长[21，22，29，30，32，35]。应该指出的是，在过去几年的出版物中，作者不仅根据移动能力，而且还根据心理，道德甚至精神能力考虑个人方法。沃罗诺夫V.M.，Gorelov A.A.，Sushchenko V.P.和Hlopetsky A.P.（2015）[1]讨论了在混合单一战斗的体育选择中精神道德和心理运动决定因素的组合问题。根据作者的说法，对正义、自我发展、自我认识的渴望应该压倒在一群同龄人中占主导地位的愿望。Tyshchenko V.A.（2014）[37]在分析不同角色运动员特征的背景下，研究了优秀手球运动员训练的个性化问题。科济纳(2009，2010，2011）[5，6，7]在她的作品中提出了游戏运动中的个性化概念，并展示了确定运动员个体特征的方向系统，这些运动员是命令游戏运动的代表。这一概念是建立在综合的基础上，通过数学方法的指标的人体测量数据，身体素质，心理生理和功能的可能性，以确定个人特点的运动员和可能的球员的组合，以解决战术任务。Tavana M.，Azizi F.，Azizi F.，贝赫扎迪安湾（2013）[34]还考虑了运动员在各种运动中的最佳组合变量的搜索问题。因此，近年来，越来越多的作者不仅考虑到体育运动中个体化的生理，而且考虑到心理和社会方面。其中一项研究以波特·N.的作品为代表，Schenk N.，货车希尔沃德岛（2014）[27]研究了选择一种运动的学生的问题。作者指出了学龄儿童参加体育运动的社会和生物学原因。同时，个人方法就像每个人的个人独创性和独特性的反映，它决定了一个人选择活动和生活方式的特点[6，17，37]。那么，叶尔马科娃·T. S.（2015）[38]指出了根据个人特征发展健康文化的各种方法。作者指出，每个人的健康文化的形成是个体的，取决于社会因素，功能可能性，心理特征和个人偏好。在欧洲科学传统中，有各种各样的个性化理论[17]。例如，Escherja A.，布兰奇·A布兰科E.，巴拉达湾（2015）[15]揭示了具有不同情绪特征的人对恐惧的反应不同。在教育学和医学教学中有必要加以考虑。博格湾（2015）[16]表明理论发展对于个人活动效率的个人评估的实际实现的高度重要性。然而，这些理论中最广泛的是气质理论，根据思维和信息感知的个体差异等。[7，17，24]如果在早期的研究中，气质、思维和情感的特征是在相互关系之外进行研究的（巴甫洛夫I.P.，1994年，Nebylitsyn V.D.，1969年）。如今，越来越多的研究人员调查心理和心理生理领域的各个方面的相互关系。例如，亨德森公司，Wachs T.D.（2007）[24]表明气质类型对认知和情感特征的发展有影响。夏伊洛S.，索尔顿湾和Sharabi D.（2002）[30]显示了直觉或理性思维方式对接受非标准决策的能力的影响，以及在各个活动领域的选择过程中考虑这些指标的可能性。…
IntroductionAn individual approach in sport covers the big range of problems. These problems start from sports selection to definition of individual programs for sportsmen' training [2, 4, 10, 11, 12, 14]. The number of researches on this subject constantly grows [21, 22, 29, 30, 32, 35]. It should be noted that in the publications of the last years the authors consider an individual approach not only according to moving abilities, but also psychological, moral and even spiritual ones. Voronov V.M., Gorelov A.A., Sushchenko V.P. and Hlopetsky A.P. (2015) [1] discuss the questions of combination of spiritually-moral and psycho-moving determinants in sports selection of the mixed single combats. According to the authors, the aspiration to justice, self-development, self-knowledge should prevail over the desire of dominating in a group of peers. Tyshchenko V.A. (2014) [37] studies the individualization issues of qualified handball players' training in the context of the analysis of players' features of different roles. Kozina Zh.L. (2009, 2010, 2011) [5, 6, 7] presents, in her works, the concept of individualization in game sports and shows the system of directions for determination of individual features of sportsmen who are the representatives of command game sports. This concept is constructed on synthesis by means of mathematical methods of indicators of anthropometrical data, physical proficiency, psychophysiological and functional possibilities for determination of individual features of sportsmen and possible players' combinations for solving the tactical tasks. The works of such scientists as Tavana M., Azizi F., Azizi F., Behzadian M. (2013) [34] also consider the problem of searching of optimum combination variants of sportsmen in command kinds of sports.Therefore, in recent years, an increasing number of authors take into account not only physical, but also psychological and social aspects of individualization in sport. One of such researches represented in the work of Pot N., Schenk N., van Hilvoorde I. (2014) [27] which study the problem of pupils who choose a kind of sports. The authors show the social and biological reasons of going in for sport by children of school age.At the same time, the individual approach is like a reflection of individual originality and uniqueness of each person, It determines the features of a person's choice of activity and a way of life in general [6, 17, 37]. So, Yermakova T.S. (2015) [38] points to various approaches of developing of health culture depending on the individual features. The author specifies that formation of health culture for each person is individual and depends on social factors, functional possibilities, psychological features and personal preferences.In European scientific tradition, there are various theories of individuality [17]. For example, Aluja A., Blanch A., Blanco E., Balada F. (2015) [15] revealed that people with various emotional characteristics have different formation of reaction to fright. It is necessary to consider in pedagogical and medical teaching. Boag S. (2015) [16] showed the high importance of theoretical developments for practical realization of personal assessment of efficiency of individual activity.However, the most widespread of these theories is the theory of temperaments, individual distinctions according to thinking and perceptions of information, etc. [7, 17, 24]. If in the earlier researches, the characteristics of temperament, thinking and emotions were studied out of interrelation (Pavlov I.P., 1994, Nebylitsyn V.D., 1969). Nowadays, an increasing number of researchers investigate interrelations of various aspects of mental and psychophysiological spheres. For example, Henderson H.A., Wachs T.D. (2007) [24] showed the influence of temperament types on the developing of cognitive and emotional characteristics. Shiloh S., Salton E. and Sharabi D. (2002) [30] showed the influence of intuitive or rational style of thinking on ability to accept the non-standard decisions and possibility to take into account these indicators in the process of selection in various fields of activity. …