Estimation of the quantity of aeolian saltation sediments blown into the Yellow River from the Ulanbuh Desert, China
Estimation of the quantity of aeolian saltation sediments blown into the Yellow River from the Ulanbuh Desert, China
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DOI：
10.1007/s40333-013-0198-3
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发表时间：
2014-04
影响因子：
3
通讯作者：
Heqiang Du;X. Xue;Tao Wang
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Heqiang Du;X. Xue;Tao Wang
乌兰布赫沙漠与黄河上游接壤。每年盛行风吹入黄河大量风沙，粗大的风沙造成黄河淤积严重。为了估算乌兰布和沙漠吹入黄河的风成沙量，我们模拟了乌兰布和沙漠风成沙的跃变过程。利用综合风蚀模拟系统（IWEMS）的跃变子模型及其配套的RS（遥感）和GIS（地理信息系统）模块，对乌兰布赫沙漠吹入黄河的跃变泥沙量进行了估算。通过同步观测不同植被覆盖点上的风速和跃变沉积物，对跃变子模型进行了标定。利用归一化植被指数（ndvi）数据、实测沙粒大小以及植被覆盖度、沙粒直径和风速之间的经验关系，获得乌兰布和沙漠不同区域的植被覆盖度、植被锋面面积、粗糙度长度和阈值摩擦速度。利用这些变量以及观测到的风速和观测点的跃变沉积物，对跃变模型进行了验证。模型结果令人满意（RMSEless < 0.05, |Re| < 17%）。在本研究中，利用该模型开发了亚日风速程序WINDGEN，以模拟乌兰布赫沙漠周围的每小时风速。结合逐时风速和风向模拟数据，利用跃变子模型计算了黄河的跃变泥沙量。2001 ~ 2010年乌兰布赫沙漠吹入黄河的风沙年量为5.56×106t，主要发生在春季（3 ~ 5月）；例如，2010年4月25日，6.54×105tons的风沙被吹入黄河。然而，在夏季和冬季，偶尔会发生跳跃过程。该研究为防治黄河风沙灾害和泥沙淤积提供了一定的参考。
The Ulanbuh Desert borders the upper reach of the Yellow River. Every year, a mass of aeolian sand is blown into the Yellow River by the prevailing wind and the coarse aeolian sand results in serious silting in the Yellow River. To estimate the quantity of aeolian sediments from the Ulanbuh Desert blown into the Yellow River, we simulated the saltation processes of aeolian sediments in the Ulanbuh Desert. Then we used a saltation submodel of the IWEMS (Integrated Wind-Erosion Modeling System) and its accompanying RS (Remote Sensing) and GIS (Geographic Information System) modules to estimate the quantity of saltation sediments blown into the Yellow River from the Ulanbuh Desert. We calibrated the saltation submodel by the synchronous observation to wind velocity and saltation sediments on several points with different vegetation cover. The vegetation cover, frontal area of vegetation, roughness length, and threshold friction velocity in various regions of the Ulanbuh Desert were obtained usingNDVI(Normalized Difference Vegetation Index) data, measured sand-particle sizes, and empirical relationships among vegetation cover, sand-particle diameters, and wind velocity. Using these variables along with the observed wind velocities and saltation sediments for the observed points, the saltation model was validated. The model results were shown to be satisfactory (RMSEless than 0.05 and |Re| less than 17%). In this study, a subdaily wind-velocity program, WINDGEN, was developed using this model to simulate hourly wind velocities around the Ulanbuh Desert. By incorporating simulated hourly wind-velocity and wind-direction data, the quantity of saltation sediments blown into the Yellow River was calculated with the saltation submodel. The annual quantity of aeolian sediments blown into the Yellow River from the Ulanbuh Desert was 5.56×106t from 2001 to 2010, most of which occurred in spring (from March to May); for example, 6.54×105tons of aeolian sand were blown into the Yellow River on 25 April, 2010. However, in summer and winter, the saltation process occasionally occurred. This research has supplied some references to prevent blown sand hazards and silting in the Yellow River.