Adverse health effects of chronic exposure to low-level cadmium in foodstuffs and cigarette smoke.
Adverse health effects of chronic exposure to low-level cadmium in foodstuffs and cigarette smoke.
复制标题
长期暴露于食物和香烟烟雾中低水平镉的不利健康影响。
DOI：
10.1289/ehp.6751
复制
发表时间：
2004-07
影响因子：
10.4
通讯作者：
Moore, Michael R
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Satarug, Soisungwan;Moore, Michael R
镉是一种累积性肾毒物，可从饮食来源和吸烟中吸收到体内。肝脏和肾脏皮质等器官中的镉水平随着年龄的增长而增加，因为缺乏活跃的生化过程来消除镉并伴有肾脏重吸收。最近的研究提供了证据，表明在未表现出营养缺乏迹象的非职业暴露人群中，与镉相关的肾功能障碍和骨矿物质密度下降之间存在联系。这挑战了之前的观点，即日本痛痛病患者并发的肾脏和骨骼损伤是镉中毒与营养缺乏（尤其是锌和钙）缺乏相结合的结果。此外，在饮食中镉摄入量完全在粮食及农业组织/世界卫生组织食品添加剂联合专家委员会设定的临时每周耐受摄入量（PTWI）范围内（1微克/公斤体重/天或70微克/天）的人群中观察到了与镉相关的骨和肾毒性。这一证据表明当前 Cd 的 PTWI 亟需修订。此外，关于慢性镉暴露的致癌风险的证据正在积累，并且镉对生殖结果的影响已经开始显现。
Cadmium is a cumulative nephrotoxicant that is absorbed into the body from dietary sources and cigarette smoking. The levels of Cd in organs such as liver and kidney cortex increase with age because of the lack of an active biochemical process for its elimination coupled with renal reabsorption. Recent research has provided evidence linking Cd-related kidney dysfunction and decreases in bone mineral density in nonoccupationally exposed populations who showed no signs of nutritional deficiency. This challenges the previous view that the concurrent kidney and bone damage seen in Japanese itai-itai disease patients was the result of Cd toxicity in combination with nutritional deficiencies, notably, of zinc and calcium. Further, such Cd-linked bone and kidney toxicities were observed in people whose dietary Cd intakes were well within the provisional tolerable weekly intake (PTWI) set by the Joint Food and Agriculture Organization/World Health Organization Expert Committee on Food Additives of 1 μg/kg body weight/day or 70 μg/day. This evidence points to the much-needed revision of the current PTWI for Cd. Also, evidence for the carcinogenic risk of chronic Cd exposure is accumulating and Cd effects on reproductive outcomes have begun to emerge.