Rejuvenating irrigation tanks through local institutions
Rejuvenating irrigation tanks through local institutions
复制标题
通过当地机构振兴灌溉水箱
DOI：
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发表时间：
2004
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
T. Shah
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
R. Sakthivadivel;P. Gomathinayagam;T. Shah
印度的水资源潜力和该国的农业经济取决于季风降雨及其时空变化。印度近40%的土地福尔斯处于半干旱状态，年降雨量为500- 1，000毫米，正常的降雨量是作物丰收的必要条件。面对自古以来降雨量在空间和时间上的高度变化，印度的农村社区一直奉行一项政策，即通过无数的水箱或小型储存结构，如当地人民通过社区组织建造、拥有和管理的池塘，储存雨水供日后使用。在印度的背景下，坦克与农村生活的社会文化方面有着千丝万缕的联系，历史上一直是村庄栖息地不可或缺的一部分，维持其社会生态平衡。几个世纪以来，巧妙开发和维护的水箱系统使人们免受经常发生的干旱、洪水和变幻莫测的季风的影响，并为生活在脆弱的半干旱地区的穷人提供了急需的生计保障。最近，人们越来越认识到水箱的重要性，因为地下水和大型地面灌溉系统的使用迅速增加，证明成本高昂，不足以满足日益增长的灌溉用水需求。为灌溉、家庭和牲畜使用以及地下水补给等多种用途保护水箱生态系统，是为保护半干旱印度数百万人生计提供安全网的一种方式。II
India’s water resources potential and the country’s agricultural economy hinge on the monsoon rains and its spatial and temporal variations. Nearly 40 per cent of India’s land mass falls under semi-arid conditions with annual rainfall of 500-1,000 mm and normal rainfall is necessary for a good crop. Facing high spatial and temporal variability of rainfall since time immemorial, India’s rural communities have followed a policy of conserving rainwater for subsequent use through innumerable tanks or small storage structures like ponds built, owned and managed by the local people through community organisations. Tanks in the Indian context are inextricably linked to the sociocultural aspects of rural life and have historically been an indispensable part of the village habitat, sustaining its socioecological balance. Tank systems, developed ingeniously and maintained over the centuries, have provided insulation from recurring droughts, floods, vagaries of the monsoon, and offered the much needed livelihood security to the poor living in fragile semi-arid regions. Of late, the importance of tanks is being realised even more, as the rapidly growing use of groundwater and large surface irrigation systems are proving costly and inadequate to meet the increasing demands for irrigation water. Conserving the tank eco-systems for multiple uses such as irrigation, domestic and livestock use and groundwater recharge is a way to provide a safety net to protect the livelihood of millions in a semi-arid India. II