Self and the Paradox of Free Will
Self and the Paradox of Free Will
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DOI：
10.1080/00332925.2014.874904
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发表时间：
2014-01-01
影响因子：
0.1
通讯作者：
le Mouel, Christophe
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
le Mouel, Christophe
在过去几年里，人们对人类意志自由的信念重新产生了兴趣，这得益于对决策的生理学研究和对行动的自愿控制做出了重要贡献。神经科学表明，大脑甚至在自我意识到它们之前就开始并决定了运动动作的过程。这一结果违背了我们内心深处的信念，即我们可以控制自己的所作所为，而且似乎破坏了我们基于道德责任的社会基础。在这篇文章中，我们认为，如果自由意志是一种错觉，那么它是一种必然的、矛盾的错觉，它源于对立面、决定论和非决定论、控制和选择的解决。在这一点上，自由意志的心理体验植根于这样一个过程，即自我意识不会打破它与所有决定的束缚，而是成为荣格所称的自我的更伟大的东西的从属。我们回顾了荣格关于自由意志的立场，并用一个受量子力学启发的物理现象进一步说明了这一点。在第二步中，我们报告了关于认知量子结构的现代研究，这支持了荣格的见解，即心理中存在着无法根除的不确定性，这是我们内在的一个创造性场所，将我们置于自然智慧的附近。
The belief in the freedom of human will has experienced a resurgence of interest in the past years, following important contributions from the physiological study of decision-making and voluntary control of action. Neuroscience shows that the brain initiates and determines the course of motor actions even before the ego becomes aware of them. This result flies in the face of our intimate conviction that we are in control of what we do and seems to undermine the very foundation of our society based on moral responsibility. In this article, we argue that if free will is an illusion, it is a necessary and paradoxical one that stems from a resolution of opposites, determinism and indeterminism, control and choice. In this light, the psychological experience of free will is grounded in the process whereby egoconsciousness does not break its bond from all determination, but becomes subordinate to something greater than itself that Jung called the Self. We review Jung's position on free will, further illustrating it with a physical phenomenon inspired by quantum mechanics. In a second step, we report on modern studies on the quantum structure of cognition, which supports Jung's insight that there is an ineradicable level of indeterminism in the psyche, a creative place within us which places us in the vicinity of the wisdom of nature.