Changes in alcohol consumption following a reduction in the price of spirits:: a natural experiment in Switzerland
Changes in alcohol consumption following a reduction in the price of spirits:: a natural experiment in Switzerland
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DOI：
10.1046/j.1360-0443.2003.00461.x
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发表时间：
2003-10-01
期刊：
影响因子：
6
通讯作者：
Rehm, J
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Heeb, JL;Gmel, G;Rehm, J
目的了解1999年7月瑞士调低烈酒价格后，按年龄、性别、饮酒量和饮酒场合划分的亚群体中酒精消费发生了什么变化。准实验设计。以价格变动前3个月为基准，在价格变动后3个月随访的纵向一般人群调查。参与者随机电话抽样1347人，在前6个月的两次访谈中平均每月至少饮酒一次，基线时的应答率为74.8%，基线至随访期间的损耗率为20.2%。测量方法通过特定饮料的逐步频率测量来评估酒精消耗。高饮酒量被定义为男性每天40克以上，女性每天20克以上。狂饮被定义为男性一次喝6杯以上，女性一次喝4杯以上。在整个样本中，酒精消费量显著增加（28.6%），特别是在年轻男性和基线时少量饮酒者中。饮酒量：所有酒精或葡萄酒或啤酒的消耗量没有显著变化。没有发现替代效应的迹象。结论干预后早期白酒消费表现出价格反应性。这一发现特别令人感兴趣，因为(a)烈酒消费量的增加是在瑞士酒精消费量普遍下降的时候发生的；(b)与大多数研究结果相反，干预措施，即降价，增加了可得性。
Aims To discover what changes in alcohol consumption had occurred in subgroups defined by age, sex, volume of drinking and drinking occasions, following a reduction in the price of spirits in Switzerland in July 1999.Design Quasi-experimental. Longitudinal general-population survey with baseline 3 months before and follow-up 3 months after price change.Participants Probabilistic telephone sample of 1347 individuals with at least monthly consumption on average in the previous 6 months at both interviews, The response rate at baseline was 74.8% and the attrition rate from baseline to follow-up 20.2%,Measurements Alcohol consumption was assessed by means of a beverage-specific graduated-frequency measure. High volume of drinking was defined as 40 + g/day for men and 20 + g/day for women. Binge drinking was defined as six + drinks on an occasion for men and four + drinks for women.Findings Spirits consumption increased significantly (by 28.6%) in the total sample, and specifically in young males and in individuals who were low-volume drinkers at baseline. Consumption of alcohol overall, or of wine or beer. did not change significantly. No indication of effects of substitution was found.Conclusions Spirits consumption showed price-responsiveness in the early postintervention period. This finding is of particular interest, as (a) the increase in spirits consumption took place at a time of generally declining consumption of alcohol in Switzerland: and (b) in contrast to the findings of most studies, the intervention, namely price reduction, increased availability.