Effect of COVID-19 Anthropause on Water Clarity in the Belize Coastal Lagoon
Effect of COVID-19 Anthropause on Water Clarity in the Belize Coastal Lagoon
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DOI：
10.3389/fmars.2021.648522
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发表时间：
2021-05-05
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Jay, Jennifer A.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Callejas, Ileana A.;Lee, Christine M.;Jay, Jennifer A.
2019冠状病毒病（COVID-19）大流行使全球多个行业（包括旅游业）的人类活动停止。因此，伯利兹等旅游业发达的国家的水质得到了改善。遥感技术可以检测的影响？anthropauses？沿海水质。在这项研究中，中分辨率成像光谱仪（MODIS）卫星数据被用于沿着伯利兹海岸调查COVID-19关闭对水质的影响。在490 nm处的衰减系数Kd（490）被用作水质的指标，较低的Kd（490）表明水的透明度增加。四个沿海管理区的海上交通特点是高交通区（HTAs）和两个低交通区（LTAs）。2002年两期的月度综合指数？检查了2019年（基线）和2020年的Kd（490）。在伯利兹COVID-19关闭前的几个月，2020年与基线期之间的高科技协定和长期协定的Kd（490）（p > 0. 05）总体上没有显著差异。在关闭期间，2020年HTA的Kd较低，但长期协议的Kd并非如此。在长期协议中，2020年观察到的Kd（490）s与往年至10月相似。11月，2020年异常活跃的飓风季节与伯利兹整个海岸沿着海水透明度下降有关。这项研究提供了概念证明，基于卫星的水质监测可以补充原位数据，并提供证据表明，由于COVID-19关闭，可能是由于海上交通减少，水质得到了显著改善。然而，在一个活跃的飓风季节之后，这些改善不再出现。
The Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic halted human activities globally in multiple sectors including tourism. As a result, nations with heavy tourism, such as Belize, experienced improvements in water quality. Remote sensing technologies can detect impacts of ?anthropauses? on coastal water quality. In this study, moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer (MODIS) satellite data were employed along the Belizean coast to investigate impacts of the COVID-19 shutdown on water quality. The attenuation coefficient at 490 nm, Kd(490), was used as an indicator of water quality, with a lower Kd(490) indicating increased water clarity. Four Coastal Management Zones were characterized by marine traffic as high traffic areas (HTAs) and two as low traffic areas (LTAs). Monthly composites for two periods, 2002?2019 (baseline) and 2020 were examined for Kd(490). For months prior to the COVID-19 shutdown in Belize, there was generally no significant difference in Kd(490) (p > 0.05) between 2020 and baseline period in HTAs and LTAs. Through the shutdown, Kd was lower in 2020 at HTAs, but not for LTAs. At the LTAs, the Kd(490)s observed in 2020 were similar to previous years through October. In November, an unusually active hurricane season in 2020 was associated with decreased water clarity along the entire coast of Belize. This study provides proof of concept that satellite-based monitoring of water quality can complement in situ data and provide evidence of significant water quality improvements due to the COVID-19 shutdown, likely due to reduced marine traffic. However, these improvements were no longer observed following an active hurricane season.