Circulating biomarkers in renal cell carcinoma: the link between microRNAs and extracellular vesicles, where are we now?
Circulating biomarkers in renal cell carcinoma: the link between microRNAs and extracellular vesicles, where are we now?
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DOI：
10.15586/jkcvhl.2014.19
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发表时间：
2014
影响因子：
1.6
通讯作者：
Medeiros R
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Teixeira AL;Dias F;Gomes M;Fernandes M;Medeiros R
肾细胞癌(RCC)是一种致命性的泌尿系癌症，其发病率和死亡率每十年增加2-3%。缺乏标准的筛查测试导致三分之一的患者被诊断为局部侵袭性或转移性疾病。此外，接受外科肾切除术的肾癌患者中有20%-40%会发生转移。MicroRNAs(MiRNAs)是一种小的非编码RNA，负责转录后水平的基因调控。人们普遍认为，它们在癌症中被解除了调控，并可能影响肿瘤的发展。因此，miRNAs是很有前景的肾癌生物标志物，因为它们可以用非侵入性方法进行检测。它们高度稳定，在循环的生物体液中更容易定量。循环样本中miRNA稳定性的提高可能是由于它们在细胞外微囊(EMVS)内循环的能力，例如外体。EMVS是由所有类型的细胞分泌的双层膜泡。它们可以在间质间隙中释放，或进入循环的生物体液中，从而允许这些囊泡在受体细胞中移动、结合和进入。这种类型的细胞通讯可以在细胞之间穿梭生物活性分子，允许遗传物质的水平转移。本文就肾癌患者体液中循环miRNAs(miR-210、miR-1233、miR-221、miR-15a、miR-451、miR-508、miR-378)进行综述，试图建立其诊断和预后的准确性、协同作用以及参与肾癌生物学的途径。
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is a lethal urological cancer, with incidence and mortality rates increasing by 2-3% per decade. The lack of standard screening tests contributes to the fact that one-third of patients are diagnosed with locally invasive or metastatic disease. Moreover, 20-40% of RCC patients submitted to surgical nephrectomy will develop metastasis. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs responsible for gene regulation at a post-transcriptional level. It is accepted that they are deregulated in cancer and can influence tumor development. Thus, miRNAs are promising RCC biomarkers, since they can be detected using non-invasive methods. They are highly stable and easier to quantify in circulating biofluids. The elevated miRNA stability in circulating samples may be the consequence of their capacity to circulate inside of extracellular microvesicles (EMVs), for example, the exosomes. The EMVs are bilayered membrane vesicles secreted by all cell types. They can be released in the interstitial space or into circulating biofluids, which allows the travelling, binding and entrance of these vesicles in receptor cells. This type of cell communication can shuttle bioactive molecules between cells, allowing the horizontal transference of genetic material. In this review, we focus on circulating miRNAs (miR-210, miR-1233, miR-221, miR-15a, miR-451, miR-508, miR-378) in the biofluids of RCC patients and attempt to establish the diagnostic and prognostic accuracy, their synergic effects, and the pathways involved in RCC biology.