Bark Beetle Outbreaks in Europe: State of Knowledge and Ways Forward for Management
Bark Beetle Outbreaks in Europe: State of Knowledge and Ways Forward for Management
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DOI：
10.1007/s40725-021-00142-x
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发表时间：
2021-07-28
影响因子：
9.5
通讯作者：
Seidl, Rupert
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hlasny, Tomas;Konig, Louis;Seidl, Rupert
在北方的针叶林中，杀死树木的小蠹的爆发已经达到前所未有的程度，并且由于气候变化，预计会进一步加剧。在欧洲部分地区，树皮甲虫的爆发和管理措施甚至引发了社会动荡和政治不稳定。这些事件对传统的疫情应对措施提出了越来越多的挑战，并突出表明需要一个更全面的管理框架。最近的调查结果几个综合论文的不同方面的小蠹生态和管理存在。然而，近年来，我们对疫情驱动因素和影响、生态系统管理原则、治理以及气候变化在生态和社会系统动态中的作用的理解迅速发展。这些进展表明需要重新考虑以前的管理战略。我们综合了欧洲树皮甲虫爆发的驱动因素和影响的知识状态，并提出了一个全面的上下文相关的管理框架。我们说明了我们的想法，两个对比鲜明的社会目标，代表一个连续的森林管理目标的终端成员：木材和生物质生产和生物多样性和自然过程的保护。对于生产林，我们提出了一种管理方法，解决经济，社会，生态，基础设施和立法方面的树皮甲虫干扰。在保护森林，不干预是默认选项，我们详细说明在何种情况下，积极的干预是必要的，以及这种干预是否与保护生物多样性的目标相冲突。我们的方法修改了目前的管理对策树皮甲虫在欧洲，促进跨学科的社会生态方法来处理干扰。
Purpose of Review Outbreaks of tree-killing bark beetles have reached unprecedented levels in conifer forests in the northern hemisphere and are expected to further intensify due to climate change. In parts of Europe, bark beetle outbreaks and efforts to manage them have even triggered social unrests and political instability. These events have increasingly challenged traditional responses to outbreaks, and highlight the need for a more comprehensive management framework. Recent Findings Several synthesis papers on different aspects of bark beetle ecology and management exist. However, our understanding of outbreak drivers and impacts, principles of ecosystem management, governance, and the role of climate change in the dynamics of ecological and social systems has rapidly advanced in recent years. These advances are suggesting a reconsideration of previous management strategies. We synthesize the state of knowledge on drivers and impacts of bark beetle outbreaks in Europe and propose a comprehensive context-dependent framework for their management. We illustrate our ideas for two contrasting societal objectives that represent the end-members of a continuum of forest management goals: wood and biomass production and the conservation of biodiversity and natural processes. For production forests, we propose a management approach addressing economic, social, ecological, infrastructural, and legislative aspects of bark beetle disturbances. In conservation forests, where non-intervention is the default option, we elaborate under which circumstances an active intervention is necessary, and whether such an intervention is in conflict with the objective to conserve biodiversity. Our approach revises the current management response to bark beetles in Europe and promotes an interdisciplinary social-ecological approach to dealing with disturbances.