TO BARK OR NOT TO BARK: VOCALIZATIONS BY RED FOXES SELECTED FOR TAMENESS OR AGGRESSIVENESS TOWARD HUMANS
TO BARK OR NOT TO BARK: VOCALIZATIONS BY RED FOXES SELECTED FOR TAMENESS OR AGGRESSIVENESS TOWARD HUMANS
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DOI：
10.1080/09524622.2008.9753595
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发表时间：
2008-01-01
影响因子：
1.8
通讯作者：
Trut, L. N.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Gogoleva, S. S.;Volodin, J. A.;Trut, L. N.
在这项研究中，我们对呼叫结构进行分类，并通过人工选择的行为来比较圈养红狐Vulpes vulpes对人类的发声：25只驯化或“驯服”动物，选择对人类的驯服，25只“攻击性”动物，选择对人类的攻击，以及25只“未选择”对照狐狸，代表“野生”的发声行为模型。总共有12，964个呼叫从频谱图中视觉上分为五种有声（音调）（呜呜声，哞声，咯咯声，咆哮声和树皮）和三种无声或嘈杂（喘息，喘息和咳嗽）呼叫类型。分类结果用判别函数分析（DFA）和随机化进行验证。我们发现，侵略性和未选择的狐狸产生相同的呼叫类型集对人类，而驯服狐狸使用独特的发声对人类。驯服和攻击性狐狸比未被选择的狐狸有更高的发声时间百分比，支持Cohen & Pox（1976）的假设，即驯化放松了沉默的选择压力，仍然在野生犬科动物中起作用。与狗不同，“驯化”的驯服狐对人类没有过度吠叫，而是咯咯叫和喘气。我们的结论是，使用某种呼叫类型的人与犬科动物之间的通信是物种特异性的，而不是驯化本身的直接影响。
In this study we classify call structures and compare vocalizations toward humans by captive red foxes Vulpes vulpes, artificially selected for behaviour: 25 domesticated, or "Tame" animals, selected for tameness toward people, 25 "Aggressive" animals, selected for aggression toward people, and 25 "Unselected" control foxes, representing the "wild" model of vocal behaviour. In total, 12,964 calls were classified Visually from spectrograms into five voiced (tonal) (whine, moo, cackle, growl and bark), and three unvoiced, or noisy (pant, snort and cough) call types. The classification results were verified with discriminant function analysis (DFA) and randomization. We found that the Aggressive and Unselected foxes produced the same call type sets toward humans, whereas the Tame foxes used distinctive vocalizations toward humans. The Tame and Aggressive foxes had significantly higher percentages of time spent vocalizing than the Unselected, in support of Cohen & Pox (1976) hypothesis that domestication relaxes the selection pressure for silence, still acting in wild canids. Unlike in dogs, the "domesticated" Tame foxes did not show hypertrophied barking toward humans, using instead the cackle and pant. We conclude that the use of a certain call type for communication between humans and canids is species-specific, and not is the direct effect of domestication per se.