On the threshold from genome-wide association studies to whole-genome sequencing. Looking for signal in all the right places.

On the threshold from genome-wide association studies to whole-genome sequencing. Looking for signal in all the right places.
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正处于从全基因组关联研究到全基因组测序的门槛上。

DOI:
10.1164/rccm.201401-0048ed
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发表时间:
2014
影响因子:
24.7
通讯作者:
Mathias,RasikaA
Mathias,RasikaA
中科院分区:
医学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Hansel,NadiaN;Mathias,RasikaA

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在过去的十年中,全基因组关联研究(GWAS)已经发现了大量作为常见疾病决定因素的新基因位点(1)。与已发表的GWAS数量(2)同样引人注目的是,非欧洲人口,特别是美国的非裔美国人和西班牙裔人口缺乏代表性(3)。在肺病领域,美国的健康差异问题也不例外,尽管有越来越多的证据表明,在患病率和死亡率方面存在种族健康差异,但对西班牙裔和非洲裔美国人的遗传学关注很少。非裔美国人与非西班牙裔白人(NHWs)相比,尽管吸烟的包年较少,但肺功能也存在类似的损害(4)。单独的肺活量测定法不能充分捕捉慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)的变化,慢性阻塞性肺疾病是由肺气肿引起的弹性后坐力丧失和小气道和大气道重塑共同引起的多组分疾病。与非裔美国人相比,非裔美国人在肺气肿分布上表现出不同的模式(5,6)。尽管研究表明,与非本国裔美国人相比,西班牙裔美国人患COPD的风险更低,预后也更好(7,8),但作为美国增长最快的人口(9),预计西班牙裔美国人最终将在COPD负担中占更大的比例。这篇由Manichaikul和他的同事(第408-418页)发表在本期《期刊》(10)上的文章认为,研究人群的多样化是未来理解缺失的遗传性的一个关键方面
Over the past decade, genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have led to the identification of a dramatic number of novel genetic loci as determinants of common disease (1). Equally striking as the number of published GWAS (2) is the lack of representation of non-European populations, especially African American and Hispanic populations in the United States (3). In the field of lung disease, which is no exception to the issue of health disparities in the United States, there has been minimal focus on genetics in Hispanic and African American populations despite mounting evidence of racial health disparities in prevalence and mortality. African Americans present with similar impairment in lung function despite fewer pack-years of smoking as compared with non-Hispanic whites (NHWs)(4). Spirometry alone does not adequately capture variations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), which is a multicomponent disease caused by a combination of emphysema-induced loss of elastic recoil and small-and large-airway remodeling. African Americans display different patterns in emphysema distribution as compared with NHWs (5, 6). Although studies suggest Hispanics have a lower risk of COPD and improved outcomes compared with NHWs (7, 8), as the fastest-growing population in the United States (9), Hispanics are projected to ultimately represent a larger proportion of COPD burden. The article by Manichaikul and colleagues (pp. 408–418) in this issue of the Journal (10) argues in favor of the diversification of populations studied as a critical aspect of the future of understanding the missing heritability
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