Geochemistry of the Hyperalkaline Gorka Pit Lake (pH>13) in the Chrzanow Region, Southern Poland
Geochemistry of the Hyperalkaline Gorka Pit Lake (pH>13) in the Chrzanow Region, Southern Poland
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DOI：
10.1007/s11270-010-0433-x
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发表时间：
2011-01-01
影响因子：
2.9
通讯作者：
Szuwarzynski, Marek
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Czop, Mariusz;Motyka, Jacek;Szuwarzynski, Marek
戈尔卡矿坑湖是在停止露天降水后，在一个不活跃的侏罗纪石灰岩采石场形成的。这一地区水质的主要问题与洪水泛滥的采石场中倾倒的大量极碱性渗滤液有关。由于浅水层和深水层之间的密度反差很大，该湖是混杂的。湖水属Na-CO(3)-OH型，pH值在11.5-13.3之间，硫酸盐和几种有毒元素(铝、砷、铬、钼、磷和钒)浓度较高。极碱性渗滤液的化学成分是地下水与含5-10wt%碳酸钠的工业赤泥废物相互作用的结果。浓度和pH值有随深度增加的趋势，这主要是由于大气中的CO(2)吸入表层和水柱中的密度分层所致。在湖周围的地下水井中也观察到了类似的层化现象。砷、铬和钒等含氧阴离子污染物的高溶解浓度是由于它们在极端碱性条件下的高迁移率和解吸造成的。尽管高浓度倾倒的有机物导致湖底条件恶化，但硫酸盐表现得很保守，因为硫酸盐还原细菌不能在这个pH范围内生存。
The Gorka pit lake was formed in an inactive Jurassic limestone quarry after cessation of open-pit dewatering. The main problem of the water quality in this area is linked to a large volume of extremely alkaline leachate disposed in the flooded quarry. The lake is meromictic due to a large density contrast between shallow and deep water layers. Water in the lake is of the Na-CO(3)-OH type, pH is in the range from 11.5 to 13.3, and there are high concentrations of sulfate and several toxic elements (Al, As, Cr, Mo, P, and V). The chemical composition of the extremely alkaline leachate was formed as a result of the groundwater interaction with the industrial red mud wastes containing 5-10 wt.% of sodium carbonate. There is a trend of increasing concentrations and pH values with depth, mainly due to the in-gassing of atmospheric CO(2) into the surface layer and due to density stratification in the water column. Similar stratification is observed in groundwater wells around the lake. High dissolved concentrations of oxyanionic contaminants such as As, Cr, and V are caused by their high mobility and desorption under extremely alkaline conditions. In spite of reducing conditions at the bottom of the lake, caused by high concentrations of dumped organic matter, sulfate behaves conservatively because sulfate reducing bacteria do not survive in this pH range.