A Brief Syntactic Typology of Philippine Languages
A Brief Syntactic Typology of Philippine Languages
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菲律宾语言的简要句法类型学
DOI：
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发表时间：
2004
期刊：
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通讯作者：
Hsiu
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
L. A. Reid;Hsiu
本文简要介绍菲律宾诸语言句法结构的类型学特征。它利用词汇理论框架，以提供所引用的例子之间的可比性。动词性和非动词性谓语句的语序都进行了检查，代词和非代词补充，主题化，助动词。菲律宾语被分析为形态作格。考察了确定动词性句子句法及物性的形态学标准，得出的结论是，动词词缀单独是一个不充分的标准。注意力集中的概念，拒绝声音的概念作为对这种现象的解释。其他人已经描述过的句法及物动词的各种形式，例如，作为与主格NP一致的信号，在这里被描述为携带语义特征，标志着它们参照主格NP的实例化方式。考察了名词短语的结构。限定词对名词短语的形态格标记被认为适用于属格、方位格和斜格名词短语（对于某些语言），但对大多数语言来说，主格完整的名词短语只被词序标记。语义一致的特点，区分形式的共同与个人，明确性，特异性，空间参考，和他们的中心名词的复数。关系从句的形成策略。大多数是中心语首字母，有主格NP的空缺。NP's中的“形容词”通常是以状态动词为谓语的关系分句。
This paper is a brief statement of the typological characteristics of the syntactic structures of Philippine languages. It utilizes a lexicalist theoretical framework to provide comparability among the examples cited. The word order of both verbal and non-verbal predicational sentences is examined, with pronominal and non-pronominal complements, topicalization, and auxiliary verbs. Philippine languages are analyzed as morphologically ergative. The morphological criteria for determining the syntactic transitivity of verbal sentences are examined, concluding that verbal affixation alone is an insufficient criterion. Attention is paid to the notion of focus, rejecting the concept of voice as an explanation for the phenomenon. The various forms of syntactically transitive verbs that have been described by others, for example, as signaling agreement with the Nominative NP, are here described as carrying semantic features, marking the manner of their instantiation with reference to the Nominative NP. The structure of noun phrases is examined. Morphological case marking of NPs by Determiners is claimed for Genitive, Locative, and—for some languages—Oblique NPs, but it is claimed that for most languages, Nominative full NPs are case-marked only by word order. Semantic agreement features distinguishing forms of Determiners for common vs. personal, definiteness, specificity, spatial reference, and plurality of their head nouns are described. Relative clause formation strategies are described. Most are head-initial, with gapping of the Nominative NP. “Adjectives” in NP’s are typically relative clauses having stative verbs as predicates.