3D diffraction imaging with Kirchhoff time migration using vertical traveltime difference gathers

3D diffraction imaging with Kirchhoff time migration using vertical traveltime difference gathers
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使用垂直走时差道集进行基尔霍夫时间偏移的 3D 衍射成像

DOI:
10.1190/geo2018-0630.1
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发表时间:
2019-11
期刊:
影响因子:
3.3
通讯作者:
Jianfeng Zhang
Jianfeng Zhang
中科院分区:
地球科学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Zhengwei Li;Jianfeng Zhang

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我们已经建立了一个垂直走时差(VTD)收集图像衍射在三维时域。这显著改善了3D地震数据中的小规模断层和非均质性的检测。VTD道集是利用与旅行时相关的纵测线和横测线倾角进行三维Kirchhoff叠前时间偏移得到的,与二维倾角道集有着密切的联系。在VTD道集中,衍射同相轴表现出平坦化,而反射同相轴具有凸向上倾斜的形状。与二维倾角道集不同,菲涅耳带相关镜面反射在所有炮检距和方位角上都精确聚焦在给定区域上,从而在静音后留下更多的衍射能量。为了成像线性衍射体,如三维断层,VTD道集可以通过添加倾角-方位角维扩展到二维。这使得可以校正边缘衍射的相位并检测线性衍射器的取向。与二维倾角道集相比,VTD或VTD加方位角道集的存储量要小得多。在三维情况下,我们可以存储每个横向位置的道集,然后进行相位校正和增强弱衍射。合成和现场数据测试表明,我们的三维衍射成像方法的有效性。
We have built a vertical traveltime difference (VTD) gather to image diffractions in the 3D time domain. This significantly improves detection of small-scale faults and heterogeneities in 3D seismic data. The VTD gather is obtained using 3D Kirchhoff prestack time migration based on the traveltime-related inline and crossline dip angles, which is closely related to the 2D dip-angle gather. In VTD gathers, diffraction events exhibit flattening, whereas reflection events have convex upward-sloping shapes. Different from the 2D dip-angle gather, Fresnel zone-related specular reflections are precisely focused on the given regions over all offsets and azimuths, thus leaving more diffraction energy after muting. To image linear diffractors, such as faults in three dimensions, the VTD gather can be extended into two dimensions by adding a dip-azimuth dimension. This makes it possible to correct phases of edge diffractions and detect the orientations of the linear diffractors. The memory requirement of the VTD or VTD plus azimuth gathers is much less than that of the 2D dip-angle gathers. We can store the gathers at each lateral position and then correct the phase and enhance the weak diffractions in 3D cases. Synthetic and field data tests demonstrate the effectiveness of our 3D diffraction imaging method.
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