Review of innate and specific immunity in plants and animals
Review of innate and specific immunity in plants and animals
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DOI：
10.1007/s11046-007-9026-7
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发表时间：
2007-08-01
期刊：
影响因子：
5.5
通讯作者：
Faoro, Franco
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Iriti, Marcello;Faoro, Franco
基于宿主模式识别受体（PRRs）对病原体相关分子模式（PAMPs）的识别，先天免疫是动植物共有的一种特征。一般认为，病原体菌株或种族可能具有复杂的机制来抑制或逃避pamp触发的免疫。一旦这个计划成功，殖民化就会被一种适应策略所抵消，一种植物品种必须进化成第二道防线。在这种共同进化的背景下，适应性免疫和宿主抗性（品种-病原体种族/菌株特异性）分别在动物和植物中得到不同的选择，以面对特定的病原体。尽管如此，基于抗性(R)和无毒（avr）基因之间匹配的植物宿主抗性代表了一种先天性免疫形式，是类似于PRRs的R蛋白。虽然能够识别特定的毒力因子（avr蛋白）而不是PAMPs。此外，尽管缺乏适应性免疫保护植物免受自身免疫性疾病的侵害，但可能会发生不适当的植物免疫反应，从而产生一些副作用，如诱导抗性和自毒性的适应性成本。一组类似的防御反应共享从植物和动物，如防御素，活性氧（ROS），氧脂素和程序性细胞死亡（PCD）简要描述。
Innate immunity represents a trait common to plants and animals, based on the recognition of pathogen associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) by the host pattern recognition receptors (PRRs). It is generally assumed that a pathogen strain, or race, may have elaborated mechanisms to suppress, or evade, the PAMP-triggered immunity. Once this plan was successful, the colonization would have been counteracted by an adaptive strategy that a plant cultivar must have evolved as a second line of defence. In this co-evolutionary context, adaptive immunity and host resistance (cultivar-pathogen race/ strain-specific) has been differently selected, in animals and plants respectively, to face specialized pathogens. Notwithstanding, plant host resistance, based on matching between resistance (R) and avirulence (avr) genes, represents a form of innate immunity, being R proteins similar to PRRs. although able to recognize specific virulence factors (avr proteins) rather than PAMPs. Besides, despite the lack of adaptive immunity preserved plants from autoimmune disorders, inappropriate plant immune responses may occur, producing some side-effects, in terms of fitness costs of induced resistance and autotoxicity. A set of similar defence responses shared from plants and animals, such as defensins, reactive oxygen species (ROS), oxylipins and programmed cell death (PCD) are briefly described.