The impact of human-facilitated selection on the gut microbiota of domesticated mammals
The impact of human-facilitated selection on the gut microbiota of domesticated mammals
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DOI：
10.1093/femsec/fiz121
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发表时间：
2019-09-01
影响因子：
4.2
通讯作者：
Ventura, Marco
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Alessandri, Giulia;Milani, Christian;Ventura, Marco
驯化是人为力量塑造野生物种的生活方式和行为以满足人类需求的过程。驯化对动物生理和行为的影响已被广泛研究，但其对肠道微生物群的影响仍然很大程度上尚未被探索。因此，采用基于 16S rRNA 基因和内转录间隔区介导的双歧杆菌分析，结合鸟枪法宏基因组学，研究了 146 个哺乳动物粪便样本（对应 12 个驯养-野生二元体）的分类组成和代谢谱。我们的结果表明，驯化引起的变化广泛影响了哺乳动物肠道微生物群的分类组成。在这种情况下，与野生近亲和人类相比，在驯养动物的粪便微生物群中观察到微生物类群的选择与更有效地将饲料转化为体重以及人类某些细菌属的假定水平传播有关。此外，通过宏基因组学对代谢库的分析突显了驯化哺乳动物的粪便微生物群落对驯化引起的变化的广泛功能适应。值得注意的是，与野生动物相比，家养动物的特定糖基水解酶丰度有所增加，这可能是由于商业动物饲料中典型的复杂植物碳水化合物的摄入量较高。
Domestication is the process by which anthropogenic forces shape lifestyle and behavior of wild species to accommodate human needs. The impact of domestication on animal physiology and behavior has been extensively studied, whereas its effect on the gut microbiota is still largely unexplored. For this reason, 16S rRNA gene-based and internal transcribed spacer-mediated bifidobacterial profiling, together with shotgun metagenomics, was employed to investigate the taxonomic composition and metabolic repertoire of 146 mammalian fecal samples, corresponding to 12 domesticated-feral dyads. Our results revealed that changes induced by domestication have extensively shaped the taxonomic composition of the mammalian gut microbiota. In this context, the selection of microbial taxa linked to a more efficient feed conversion into body mass and putative horizontal transmission of certain bacterial genera from humans were observed in the fecal microbiota of domesticated animals when compared to their feral relatives and to humans. In addition, profiling of the metabolic arsenal through metagenomics highlighted extensive functional adaptation of the fecal microbial community of domesticated mammals to changes induced by domestication. Remarkably, domesticated animals showed, when compared to their feral relatives, increased abundance of specific glycosyl hydrolases, possibly due to the higher intake of complex plant carbohydrates typical of commercial animal feeds.