Unique and shared responses of the gut microbiota to prolonged fasting: a comparative study across five classes of vertebrate hosts
Unique and shared responses of the gut microbiota to prolonged fasting: a comparative study across five classes of vertebrate hosts
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DOI：
10.1111/1574-6941.12442
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发表时间：
2014-12-01
影响因子：
4.2
通讯作者：
McCue, Marshall D.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Kohl, Kevin D.;Amaya, James;McCue, Marshall D.
许多动物面临着不可预测的食物来源和长时间的禁食，这可能对肠道微生物构成重大挑战。虽然有几项研究表明禁食会影响肠道微生物群，但尚未在比较背景下进行实验。我们使用16S rRNA基因测序记录了罗非鱼、蟾蜍、壁虎、鹌鹑和小鼠等五类脊椎动物在四个时间点结肠和盲肠微生物组的变化。我们发现不同宿主物种和不同肠道区域的微生物组在饥饿引起的变化中存在差异。鱼类、蟾蜍和小鼠肠道微生物系统发育多样性因禁食而增加，而鹌鹑肠道微生物系统发育多样性因禁食而减少；壁虎没有变化。鱼类盲肠中的微生物多样性下降，而小鼠没有变化。不同寄主的微生物类群相对丰度变化不同。鱼类的变化最为显著，而壁虎在禁食28天内保持了稳定的群落。我们发现了宿主间微生物群的几种共同反应。例如，所有四足动物在禁食后都表现出副杆菌和瘤胃球菌丰度的减少。我们还讨论了宿主介导的生理机制，可能是这些社区变化的基础。
Many animals face unpredictable food sources and periods of prolonged fasting, which likely present significant challenges to gut microorganisms. While several studies have demonstrated that fasting impacts the gut microbiota, experiments have not been carried out in a comparative context. We used 16S rRNA gene sequencing to document changes in colonic and cecal microbiomes of animals representing five classes of vertebrates at four time points through prolonged fasting: tilapia, toads, geckos, quail, and mice. We found differences in the starvation-induced changes in the microbiome across host species and across gut regions. Microbial phylogenetic diversity increased as a result of fasting in the colons of fish, toads, and mice, while quail exhibited a decrease in diversity; geckos exhibited no change. Microbial diversity in the cecum decreased in fish and exhibited no change in mice. Alterations in relative abundances of microbial taxa varied across hosts. Fish exhibited the most significant changes due to fasting, while geckos maintained a stable community over 28 days of fasting. We uncovered several shared responses of the microbiota across hosts. For example, all tetrapods exhibited decreases in the abundances of Coprobacillus and Ruminococcus in response to fasting. We also discuss host-mediated physiological mechanisms that may underlie these community changes.