Understanding the parietal lobe syndrome from a neurophysiological and evolutionary perspective.
Understanding the parietal lobe syndrome from a neurophysiological and evolutionary perspective.
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1460-9568.2010.07291.x
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发表时间：
2010-06
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Georgopoulos AP
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Caminiti R;Chafee MV;Battaglia-Mayer A;Averbeck BB;Crowe DA;Georgopoulos AP
在人类和非人类灵长类动物中，顶叶皮层由多个区域形成。对于顶叶上小叶（SPL）而言，人和猕猴之间存在一定的同源性。因此，视觉共济失调（一种对伸手的视觉控制受到干扰）在人和猴子身上具有相似的特征。事实证明，对于顶下小叶 (IPL) 区域来说，建立这种对应关系很困难。这个难度取决于很多因素。首先，没有关于 IPL 中细胞动态特性的人体生理学信息。其次，猴子身上发现的 IPL 区域数量比迄今为止在人类身上发现的数量要多得多，尽管由于比较成像研究，这个问题可能在未来几年会被重新考虑。第三，猴子顶叶损伤的后果并不总是与人类观察到的结果相符。如果人们认为，在某些情况下，猴子 IPL 中神经元的功能特性可以预测行为技能的存在，例如构建能力，但这些技能在野外似乎不会出现，那么这又是另一个悖论。因此，人类特有的结构性失用症从未在猴子和猿类中被描述过。最后，仅在猴子中描述了多方面综合征半空间忽视的某些方面，即手定向运动减退和凝视失用症（巴林特精神凝视麻痹）。这些相似点、差异和悖论等等，使得顶叶皮层的进化和功能的研究成为一个具有挑战性的“案例”。
In human and non-human primates parietal cortex is formed by a multiplicity of areas. For those of the Superior Parietal Lobule (SPL) there exists a certain homology between man and macaques. As a consequence, Optic Ataxia, a disturbed visual control of hand reaching, has similar features in man and monkeys. Establishing such correspondence has proven difficult for the areas of the Inferior Parietal Lobule (IPL). This difficulty depends on many factors. First, no physiological information is available in man on the dynamic properties of cells in the IPL. Second, the number of IPL areas identified in the monkey is paradoxically higher that that so far described in man, although this issue will probably be reconsidered in future years, thanks to comparative imaging studies. Third, the consequences of parietal lesions in monkeys do not always match those observed in humans. This is another paradox if one considers that, in certain cases, the functional properties of neurons in the monkeys IPL would predict the presence of behavioral skills, such as construction capacity, that however do not seem to emerge in the wild. Therefore, Constructional Apraxia, which is well characterized in man, has never been described in monkeys and apes. Finally, only certain aspects, i.e. hand Directional Hypokinesia and Gaze Apraxia (Balint's Psychic Paralysis of Gaze), of the multifaceted syndrome Hemispatial Neglect have been described in monkeys. These similarities, differences and paradoxes, among many others, make the study of the evolution and function of parietal cortex a challenging “case”.
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