Influence of H2SO4 concentration on lead-acid battery performance: H-type and P-type batteries
Influence of H2SO4 concentration on lead-acid battery performance: H-type and P-type batteries
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DOI：
10.1016/j.jpowsour.2006.03.081
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发表时间：
2006-10
影响因子：
9.2
通讯作者：
D. Pavlov;V. Naidenov;S. Ruevski
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
D. Pavlov;V. Naidenov;S. Ruevski
随着VRLA电池设计的商业化，电池中填充的电解质的H2SO 4浓度增加到超过1.30gcm−3。另一方面，已经确定PbO 2的电化学活性取决于H2SO 4的浓度，在浓度为1.10至1.28s.g的溶液中达到最高活性。H2SO4。在[公式：见正文]下，PbO 2/PbSO 4电极部分钝化。本研究测定了12 V/32Ah电池在1.15 - 1.33s.g之间的六种不同电解质浓度下的初始容量性能和循环容量变化。H2SO4。电池以两种放电电流（3.2和8A）循环。PAM的利用率为50%，NAM的利用率为37%。H2SO 4的利用率（[公式：见正文]）在38和88%之间变化，取决于电解液中H2SO 4的浓度（[公式：见正文]）。在[公式：见正文]，[公式：见正文]。在[公式：在[公式：见正文]中，H2SO 4浓度限制电池容量（H2SO 4浓度的H区），而在[公式：见正文]中，电池容量受PAM限制（P区）。已经确定，在H2SO 4浓度的P-区域中，电池的初始容量高于额定值（C 0），但是电池的寿命短（最大100次循环）。在H_2SO_4浓度的H区，初始容量低于C_0，但循环寿命明显长于100次循环，并取决于放电电流和H_2SO_4浓度。开路充电电池的电压随着H2SO 4浓度的降低而下降，这允许电池在较低电压下充电，如IT电池的情况，并且也避免了板的可逆硫酸化。本研究的结果表明，铅酸蓄电池可以根据其中H2SO 4的浓度分为两种类型：具有[公式：见正文]的H型电池和具有[公式：见正文]的P型电池目前，P型VRLA电池正在商业化生产。H型电池的初始容量低于额定值，但循环寿命长，并允许在较低电压下充电（例如每个电池2.27V）。P型电池的初始容量高于或等于额定值，但循环寿命短，需要高充电电压。
With commercialization of the VRLA battery design the H2SO4concentration of the electrolyte filled in the battery has increased to over 1.30gcm−3. On the other hand, it has been established that the electrochemical activity of PbO2depends on the concentration of H2SO4, the highest activity being achieved in solutions with concentrations from 1.10 to 1.28s.g. H2SO4. At [Formula: see text] , the PbO2/PbSO4electrode gets partially passivated. The present investigation determines the initial capacity performance and the changes in battery capacity on cycling of 12V/32Ah batteries with six different electrolyte concentrations between 1.15 and 1.33s.g. H2SO4. The batteries are cycled with two discharge currents, 3.2 and 8A. The utilization of PAM is 50% against 37% NAM utilization. The utilization of H2SO4( [Formula: see text] ) varies between 38 and 88%, depending on the concentration of H2SO4in the electrolyte ( [Formula: see text] ). At [Formula: see text] , [Formula: see text] . At [Formula: see text] , the H2SO4concentration limits the capacity of the battery (H-region of H2SO4concentrations), whereas at [Formula: see text] , the capacity of the battery is limited by PAM (P-region). It has been established that in the P-region of H2SO4concentrations, the initial capacity of the battery is higher than the rated value (C0), but the life of the battery is short (maximum 100 cycles). In the H-region of H2SO4concentrations, the initial capacity is lower than C0, but the cycle life is considerably longer than 100 cycles and depends on the discharge current and the H2SO4concentration. The voltage of charged cells on open circuit declines with decrease in H2SO4concentration, which allows charging of batteries at lower voltages, as is the case with IT batteries, and reversible sulfation of the plates is avoided as well. The obtained results of the present investigation suggest that lead-acid batteries can be divided in two types depending on the concentration of H2SO4in them: H-type batteries with [Formula: see text] , and P-type batteries with [Formula: see text] Currently, VRLA batteries of the P-type are commercially produced. H-type batteries have lower initial capacity than the rated value, but long cycle life and allow to be charged at lower voltages (e.g. 2.27V per cell). P-type batteries have initial capacity higher than or equal to the rated value, but short cycle life and require high charge voltages.