Wild bird indicators: using composite population trends of birds as measures of environmental health
Wild bird indicators: using composite population trends of birds as measures of environmental health
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DOI：
10.2326/osj.9.3
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发表时间：
2010-06-01
影响因子：
0.6
通讯作者：
van Strien, Arco
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Gregory, Richard D.;van Strien, Arco
世界各国领导人已经制定了到2010年减少生物多样性丧失速度的全球和区域目标，他们在实现这些目标方面的相对成功或失败将以一套指标来衡量。为了使这些指标有效，它们需要满足一系列实用和科学的标准。它们的发展往往是由可用的信息务实地推动的。其中一个在欧洲被证明非常有效和有影响力的生物多样性指标是野生鸟类指标。这是基于综合鸟类数量趋势，综合使用几何平均值，并从全国繁殖鸟类调查中得出。最近的工作强调了共同物种对生态系统功能的重要性，并表明其种群的枯竭可能会对生态系统服务产生重大影响。各国政府和欧洲联盟越来越多地使用这些措施来评估可持续发展战略、环境和生态系统健康以及生物多样性目标的实现情况。北美已经公布了类似的指标。有许多理由相信鸟类可能是生物多样性的有用指标。它们对人为变化很敏感，众所周知，存在极好的时间序列，它们与人和他们的生活有共鸣和联系。然而，以这种方式使用鸟类存在相反的论点和一些风险。我们的工作提供了一张蓝图，供其他国家和地区使用类似的鸟类或其他分类群数据来效仿。在讨论中，我们回顾了使用鸟类数量趋势作为生物多样性指标的优点和缺点，并展望了这项工作可能如何发展。野生鸟类指标只衡量生物多样性变化的一个组成部分，需要谨慎使用，以帮助决策者和土地管理人员管理自然资源和保护自然。
World leaders have set global and regional targets to reduce the rate of biodiversity loss by 2010, and their relative success, or failure, in meeting these aims will be measured against a set of indicators. For such indicators to be effective, they need to meet a range of practical and scientific criteria. Their development is often driven pragmatically by the information available. One such biodiversity indicator that has proven highly effective and influential in Europe is the wild bird indicator. This is based on the composite population trends of birds combined using a geometric mean and derived from national breeding bird surveys. Recent work has emphasized the importance of common species to ecosystem functioning and suggested that the depletion of their populations might significantly affect ecosystem services. National governments and the European Union are increasingly using these measures to assess sustainable development strategies, environmental and ecosystem health, as well as in the fulfillment of biodiversity targets. Equivalent indicators have been published in North America. There are a number of reasons to believe that birds might be useful indicators of biodiversity. They are sensitive to anthropogenic changes, they are well known, excellent time-series exist, and they have a resonance and connection with people and their lives. Yet, there are counter arguments and some risks in using birds in this way. Our work provides a blueprint for others to follow using similar data on birds or other taxa, and in other countries and regions. In the discussion, we review the strengths and weaknesses of using bird population trends as biodiversity indicators, and look forward to how this work might be developed. Wild bird indicators only measure a component of biodiversity change and need to be used carefully to assist policy makers and land managers in managing the natural resources and conserving nature.