A meta-analysis on the benefits and costs of hosting secondary endosymbionts in sap-sucking insects
A meta-analysis on the benefits and costs of hosting secondary endosymbionts in sap-sucking insects
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DOI：
10.1101/563031
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发表时间：
2019-02
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
S. Zytynska;Karim Thighiouart;E. Frago
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文献类型：
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作者：
S. Zytynska;Karim Thighiouart;E. Frago
草食性昆虫宿主各种细菌，帮助它们进食，生长和生存。特别是吸汁昆虫，以营养贫乏的资源为食，为了生存，它们进化出了与营养细菌的专性共生。此外，吸汁昆虫与细菌共生体形成了兼性关系，这些共生体对生长和生存不是必需的，但被认为具有一些好处，如对天敌的抗性。最近的一些综述强调了这些共生体在理解其宿主生物学方面的重要性，但目前缺乏对已发表的证据进行定量和系统分析，以探索不同的内共生体是否真的有益。在这项荟萃分析中，我们探讨了潜在的成本和利益与主机的兼性内共生体在树液吸吮昆虫。我们的第一个结果是，大多数经验性的实验数据信息仅限于少数几种蚜虫和一种粉虱。通过荟萃分析，我们表明，主机共生体通常会导致成本，通过增加开发时间，寿命缩短，减少繁殖力，和利益，通过增加抗性寄生蜂在树液吸吮昆虫。然而，这些成本和效益的影响强烈昆虫和共生物种的依赖。研究的许多昆虫都是农业害虫，了解细菌共生体在不同环境中对其宿主的影响有助于温室和农业土地的可持续管理。
Herbivorous insects host various bacteria that help them to feed, grow, and survive. Sap-sucking insects, in particular, feed on a nutrient-poor resource and have evolved obligate symbioses with nutritional bacteria for survival. Additionally, sap-sucking insects have formed facultative associations with bacterial symbionts that are not essential for growth and survival but assumed to confer some benefits, such as resistance to natural enemies. Several recent reviews have highlighted the importance of these symbionts in understanding their hosts’ biology, but currently there is a lack of a quantitative and systematic analysis of the published evidences exploring whether the different endosymbionts are actually beneficial or not. In this meta-analysis we explored the potential costs and benefits associated with hosting facultative endosymbionts in sap-sucking insects. Our first result is that most of the empirical experimental data information is limited to a few species of aphid and one species of whiteflies. Through the meta-analysis we showed that hosting symbionts generally leads to costs through increased development time, reduced longevity, and reduced fecundity, and benefits via increased resistance to parasitic wasps in sap-sucking insects. However, the impact of these costs and benefits was strongly insect and symbiont species dependent. Many of the insects studied are agricultural pests, and understanding the impact of bacterial symbionts on their hosts across different environments can benefit sustainable management of greenhouses and agricultural land.