A new view of the tree of life
A new view of the tree of life
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DOI：
10.1038/nmicrobiol.2016.48
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发表时间：
2016-05-01
影响因子：
28.3
通讯作者：
Banfield, Jillian F.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hug, Laura A.;Baker, Brett J.;Banfield, Jillian F.
生命树是生物学中最重要的组织原则之一（1）。基因调查表明存在大量分支（2），但即使是树的完整规模的近似值仍然难以捉摸。最近对生命树的解释要么集中在深层进化关系的本质上（3-5），要么集中在已知的、分类良好的生命多样性上，重点是真核生物（6）。这些方法忽略了我们对生命多样性的理解发生的巨大变化，这是由于对以前未经检查的环境进行基因组采样。产生基因组序列的新方法阐明了生物体的身份及其代谢能力，将其置于社区和生态系统环境中（7，8）。在这里，我们使用来自1，000多个未培养和鲜为人知的生物体的新基因组数据，以及已发表的序列，推断出生命树的显着扩展版本，包括细菌，古细菌和真核生物。这一描述既是一个全球概览，也是每个主要世系内部多样性的快照。结果揭示了细菌多样性的主导地位，并强调了缺乏孤立代表的生物体的重要性，这些生物体的主要辐射集中了大量的进化。这棵树突出了目前在地球化学模型中代表性不足的主要谱系，并确定了可能对未来进化分析很重要的辐射。
The tree of life is one of the most important organizing principles in biology(1). Gene surveys suggest the existence of an enormous number of branches(2), but even an approximation of the full scale of the tree has remained elusive. Recent depictions of the tree of life have focused either on the nature of deep evolutionary relationships(3-5) or on the known, well-classified diversity of life with an emphasis on eukaryotes(6). These approaches overlook the dramatic change in our understanding of life's diversity resulting from genomic sampling of previously unexamined environments. New methods to generate genome sequences illuminate the identity of organisms and their metabolic capacities, placing them in community and ecosystem contexts(7,8). Here, we use new genomic data from over 1,000 uncultivated and little known organisms, together with published sequences, to infer a dramatically expanded version of the tree of life, with Bacteria, Archaea and Eukarya included. The depiction is both a global overview and a snapshot of the diversity within each major lineage. The results reveal the dominance of bacterial diversification and underline the importance of organisms lacking isolated representatives, with substantial evolution concentrated in a major radiation of such organisms. This tree highlights major lineages currently underrepresented in biogeochemical models and identifies radiations that are probably important for future evolutionary analyses.