How to Measure Distance on a Digital Terrain Surface and Why it Matters in Geographical Analysis

How to Measure Distance on a Digital Terrain Surface and Why it Matters in Geographical Analysis
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如何测量数字地形表面的距离及其在地理分析中的重要性

DOI:
10.1111/gean.12255
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发表时间:
2020
影响因子:
3.6
通讯作者:
Joseph, Maxwell B.
Joseph, Maxwell B.
中科院分区:
地球科学3区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Qiang, Yi;Buttenfield, Barbara P.;Joseph, Maxwell B.

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距离是空间分析和建模中最基本的度量。平面距离和测地线距离是当前地理信息系统和地理空间分析工具中常用的距离测量方法。然而,对于如何在数字地形表面上测量距离以及测量的不确定度,目前还知之甚少。为了填补这一空白,本研究应用蒙特卡罗模拟方法对数字地形模型中用于测距的七种曲面平差方法进行了评估。使用并行计算技术和内存优化方法,将6000个模拟样点的距离计算的处理时间减少到可管理的水平。在不同地形类型的6个研究区和不同分辨率的数字高程模型中,系统地比较了地表平差方法的精度和计算效率。这项研究的主要发现表明,测量精度和计算效率之间存在权衡:分辨率较高的DEM的计算提高了测量精度,但增加了处理时间。在比较的方法中,加权平均法具有最高的准确率和第二快的处理时间。此外,地表平差方法的选择对较粗糙地形下的测距精度有较大影响。
Distance is the most fundamental metric in spatial analysis and modeling. Planar distance and geodesic distance are the common distance measurements in current geographic information systems and geospatial analytic tools. However, there is little understanding about how to measure distance in a digital terrain surface and the uncertainty of the measurement. To fill this gap, this study applies a Monte‐Carlo simulation to evaluate seven surface‐adjustment methods for distance measurement in digital terrain model. Using parallel computing techniques and a memory optimization method, the processing time for the distances calculation of 6,000 simulated transects has been reduced to a manageable level. The accuracy and computational efficiency of the surface‐adjustment methods were systematically compared in six study areas with various terrain types and in digital elevation models in different resolutions. Major findings of this study indicate a trade‐off between measurement accuracy and computational efficiency: calculations at finer resolution DEMs improve measurement accuracy but increase processing times. Among the methods compared, the weighted average demonstrates highest accuracy and second fastest processing time. Additionally, the choice of surface adjustment method has a greater impact on the accuracy of distance measurements in rougher terrain.
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