The photoreceptive capacity of the developing pineal gland and eye of the golden hamster (Mesocricetus auratus)
The photoreceptive capacity of the developing pineal gland and eye of the golden hamster (Mesocricetus auratus)
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DOI：
10.1046/j.1365-2826.2003.01004.x
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发表时间：
2003-04-01
影响因子：
3.2
通讯作者：
DeGrip, WJ
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Foster, RG;Provencio, I;DeGrip, WJ
解剖学和生理学研究表明，新生哺乳动物的松果体具有感光能力。使用金仓鼠（Mesocricetus auratus）作为我们的模型，我们应用生化方法在早期发育过程中寻找松果体内的功能性感光色素。使用免疫细胞化学和酶联免疫吸附测定 (ELISA) 来定位和定量视蛋白，并使用高效液相色谱 (HPLC) 来识别发育中的眼睛和松果体中的感光色素发色团（11-顺式和全反式视黄醛）。对于 HPLC 分析，视黄醛被转化为其相应的类视黄醇肟。根据相对洗脱顺序和特征吸收光谱，通过与标准维生素 A(1) 类视黄醇肟异构体进行比较来鉴定洗脱的类视黄醇。免疫细胞化学和 ELISA 均表明松果体视蛋白含量在出生后第一周有所增加。在出生后第 3 天到第 5 天之间，首次在眼睛中检测到 11-顺式视黄醛。在三次单独的提取中，并使用大量过量的松果体组织，我们未能在出生后发育的第一周内识别松果体内的发色团。出生后 3-5 天眼内出现 11-顺式视黄醛，这与视黄醇异构酶活性与外节发育协调的假设一致。未能识别新生儿松果体内的发色团表明该腺体缺乏基于视蛋白的功能性感光色素。这些数据与表明哺乳动物新生儿松果体含有光感受器的生理学证据相矛盾。
Anatomical and physiological studies have suggested that the pineal gland of neonatal mammals has a photoreceptive capacity. Using the golden hamster (Mesocricetus auratus ) as our model, we applied biochemical approaches to look for a functional photopigment within the pineal during early development. Immunocytochemistry and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) were used to localize and quantify opsin, and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) to identify photopigment chromophore (11-cis and all-trans retinaldehyde) in the developing eye and pineal. For HPLC analysis, retinaldehydes were converted to their corresponding retinoid oximes. Eluted retinoids were identified by comparison with standard vitamin A(1) retinoid oxime isomers on the basis of relative elution sequence and characteristic absorbance spectra. Both immunocytochemistry and ELISA suggested an increase in the opsin content of the pineal during the first week of life. In the eye, 11-cis retinaldehyde was first detected between days 3 and 5 after birth. In three separate extractions, and using a considerable excess of pineal tissue, we failed to identify chromophore within the pineal during the first week of postnatal development. The appearance of 11-cis retinaldehyde within the eye between postnatal days 3-5 is consistent with the hypothesis that retinol isomerase activity is coordinated with outer segment development. The failure to identify chromophore within the neonatal pineal suggests that this gland lacks a functional opsin-based photopigment. These data contradict physiological evidence suggesting that the neonatal pineal of mammals contains photoreceptors.