Microglia: A sensor for pathological events in the CNS
Microglia: A sensor for pathological events in the CNS
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DOI：
10.1016/0166-2236(96)10049-7
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发表时间：
1996-08-01
影响因子：
15.9
通讯作者：
Kreutzberg, GW
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Kreutzberg, GW
小胶质细胞最典型的特征是它们响应于CNS中甚至微小的病理变化而快速活化。小胶质细胞活化是神经实质防御感染性疾病、炎症、创伤、缺血、脑肿瘤和神经变性的关键因素。小胶质细胞活化在体内作为分级反应发生。小胶质细胞转化为潜在的细胞毒性细胞是在严格控制下，主要发生在神经元或终末变性，或两者兼而有之。活化的小胶质细胞主要是清道夫细胞，但也在组织修复和神经再生中执行各种其他功能。它们形成具有免疫监视和控制能力的免疫警戒常驻巨噬细胞网络。活化的小胶质细胞可以破坏入侵的微生物，去除潜在的有害碎片，通过分泌生长因子促进组织修复，从而促进组织稳态的恢复。了解小胶质细胞增殖和激活的细胞间信号传导途径可以为针对CNS损伤的胶质反应进行靶向干预提供合理的基础。
The most characteristic feature of microglial cells is their rapid activation in response to even minor pathological changes in the CNS. Microglia activation is a key factor in the defence of the neural parenchyma against infectious diseases, inflammation, trauma, ischaemia, brain tumours and neurodegeneration. Microglia activation occurs as a graded response in vivo. The transformation of microglia into potentially cytotoxic cells is under strict control and occurs mainly in response to neuronal or terminal degeneration, or both. Activated microglia are mainly scavenger cells but also perform various other functions in tissue repair and neural regeneration. They form a network of immune alert resident macrophages with a capacity for immune surveillance and control. Activated microglia can destroy invading micro-organisms, remove potentially deleterious debris, promote tissue repair by secreting growth factors and thus facilitate the return to tissue homeostasis. An understanding of intercellular signalling pathways for microglia proliferation and activation could form a rational basis for targeted intervention on glial reactions to injuries in the CNS.